African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(32), pp. 12598-12605,14 December, 2011
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM
DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.2105
ISSN 1993-8233 ©2011 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Validity of capital asset pricing model in Pakistan:
Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange
Syed Ali Raza
1
* Syed Tehseen Jawaid
1
, Imtiaz Arif
1
and Fahim Qazi
2
1
IQRA University, Karachi-75300, Pakistan.
2
Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Pakistan.
Accepted 26 October, 2011
This study investigates the validity of capital asset pricing (CAP) model in Karachi Stock Exchange
(KSE). The data used in this study were collected from 387 companies of 30 different sectors on
monthly, quarterly and semi-annual basis. The Paired sample t- test is applied to find the difference
between actual and expected returns. Results show that capital asset pricing model (CAPM) predict
more accurately the expected return on a short term investment as compare to long term investment. It
is recommended that the investors should more focus on CAPM results for short term as compare to
long term investments in KSE.
Key words: Portfolio choice, investment decisions, capital assets pricing model, risk.
INTRODUCTION
Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is one of the central
model use by portfolio managers, professional and
investors to predict the expected risk and expected return
on investment. The main focal point of CAP model is to
check whether the returns are statistically related to risks
(betas). According to CAP model the investor needs to be
compensated in two ways, for time value of money (risk
free rate) and for taking risk. The CAP model was
introduced by Jack Treynor, John Lintner, William Sharpe
and Jan Mossin in the early 1960’s and was further
refined later (Bodie et al., 2003).
The findings and results of CAP model are very mix.
The results of studies from late sixties, seventies and
early eighties supported the validity of CAP Model (Black
et al., 1972; Fama and MacBeth, 1973; Blume and
Friend, 1973; Lau and Quay, 1974; Dowen, 1988;
Jagannathan and Wang, 1993; Jagannathan and
McGrattan, 1995). In these decades, it is concluded that
the CAP model is able to predict the expected return on
investments. But in the mid of eighties, it was found that
*Corresponding author. E-mail: syed_aliraza@hotmail.com. Tel:
92-333-3448467.
the single risk factor model does not accurately predict
the expected return on stocks because there are so many
other factors affecting the returns on investments such as
firm size, market value, financial ratios, price earnings
ratio, economic conditions, seasonality effect, inflation
(Banz, 1981; Basu, 1983; Tinc, 1984; Groenewold and
Fraser, 1997; Scheicher, 2000).
Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) is not a sustainable
market and investors find fluctuations in prices of stocks,
for that reason, Karachi stock exchange have very
different risk-return relationship. The investors discover
that the market goes up or down dramatically in a few
sessions. In December 2008, in the Karachi stock
exchange, 100 index was down to 3300 points from 9187
points to 5865 points in just 13 trading sessions. After two
months, the 100 index of Karachi stock exchange was up
to 2638 points from 5707 points to 8345 points in just 19
trading sessions.
1
The main problem of KSE for investors and portfolio
managers is to quantify the risk associated with securities
and expected return on bearing this risk. Therefore, the
main objective of this study is to determine how
accurately the capital asset pricing model predicts the
1
Information is gather from official website of KSE: www.kse.com.pk.