1 23 Annals of Forest Science Official journal of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) ISSN 1286-4560 Volume 68 Number 7 Annals of Forest Science (2011) 68:1217-1232 DOI 10.1007/s13595-011-0069-z Spatio-temporal heterogeneity effects on seedling growth and establishment in four Quercus species Victoria González-Rodríguez, Rafael Villar, Raquel Casado, Elena Suárez- Bonnet, José Luis Quero & Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo