ICWMC 2008 1 Integrating Mobile Devices into Semantic Services Environments Josef Noll, Member, IEEE, Sarfraz Alam, and Mohammad M. R. Chowdhury, Student Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper addresses mobile service provisioning in a semantic service environment. The challenges of service pro- visioning in mobile environments are the dynamically changing context, the unreliable radio and the limitation of the mobile phone. This paper suggests implementing a virtual mobile in the semantic service repository, allowing the mobile services to become part of a semantic service composition. Mobile and proximity services are then executed either in the virtual mobile or on the device itself. The papers provides the functional architecture and suggests protocols to enable the virtual mobile. Index Terms—Service Oriented Architecture, Web Services, Mobile Services, Semantic Web, Context Aware, Access Control. I. I NTRODUCTION T ECHNOLOGIES advancement not only enhances the mobile devices capabilities but also enables mobile phones to play a vital role in our daily life due to its always online functionality. The IT industry predicts that the technology development will continue at the same speed as today until at least 2025 [1]. The increase in service offering through the Internet and wireless/mobile network will make the mobile device a key tool for service access in digital environment. A Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) com- bined with Semantic Web technologies is assumed to provide interoperability between services, devices and networks. Noll et. al. performed a business analysis for semantic service provisioning in the mobile networks of Orange and Telenor, using location services as an example [2]. Currently the mobile service world can be categorized as addressing mobile services, Internet services and proximity services from a mobile device. Mobile services are typically native services in a mobile device, examples of which are phone and SMS services. Internet services are usually e- commerce and m-commerce services and proximity services are the services in the vicinity of the user such as payment, access and admittance. Today’s mobile world is illustrated in figure 1. The main challenge with today’s mobile world is the segre- gation of the both mobile/proximity and Internet services. A J. Noll, member of IEEE, is professor stip. at the University of Oslo (UiO) and the University Graduate Center (UniK), 2027 Kjeller, Norway (phone: +47 9083 8066, email: josef.noll@unik.no). S. Alam is Ph.D. researcher at UniK (e-mail: sarfraz@unik.no). M. M. R. Chowdhury is Ph.D. researcher at UniK (e-mail: moham- mad@unik.no). Manuscript received March 4, 2008. This work was supported in part by the Norwegian Research Council in the SWACOM project and the ITEA WellCom project. NFC Internet services signed certificates Mobile initiated service access Proximity services NFC certificate Fig. 1. The Mobile Service World connects mobile, Internet and proximity services. mobile device is typically in a dynamically changing service environment, which makes the integration of mobile/proximity and Internet services difficult. The additional challenge is to combine these dynamically changing service worlds with user preferences, which will enable the user to control and use the available services. In this paper we propose the concept of a virtual mobile that together with the real device can work as the integrator of these service worlds and open service composition including context and user preferences. A new mobile web services architecture is proposed, consisting of a semantic service repository, handling both Internet and mobile/proximity services. The paper is structured as follows. Section II provides some of related work detail. Section III provides details about the existing mobile web services development platforms. Section IV outlines the virtual mobile concept. Section V suggests the semantic mobile web services architecture and discusses the advantages of the selected solution. Section VI provides the evaluation of existing device and user profiles and delves into the service profile. Section VII provides the details of rule- base service execution Section VIII concludes the paper and gives some direction for future work. II. RELATED WORK Intensive research and innovation is going on in the field of mobile services. In particularly, location based and context aware e-services became a popular idea for m-commerce. The mobile world incorporates semantic technologies such