International Journal of Composite Materials 2012, 2(5): 97-100
DOI: 10.5923/j.cmaterials.20120205.05
Experimental Evaluation of the Employment of a
Laminated Composite Material with Sisal Fibres as
Reinforcement in Timber Beams
Samuel Sander Carvalho, Jezrael Rossetti Dutra, André Cerávolo de Carvalho,
Luciano Machado Gomes Vieira, André Luis Christoforo
*
Department of M echanical Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36.307-352, Brazil
Abstract Timber is the oldest construction materials in the world, have been widely used in structures in addition to
having a high longevity, if treated properly (maintenance). If this does not occur, the wood deteriorates due to the action of
insects, fungi and other aggressive agents. There are several materials and techniques used to reinforce the damaged parts.
This paper presents an experimental study ofEucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliiottiitimber beams reinforced with sisal fibres
laminated composite materials. The composite material and the wood were prepared for testing. In order to simulate the
defect, some parts were cracked. The study was to determine the maximum load (rupture) applied on the timberin the
conditions: without defect, with defect and without composite and with defect and with composite, aiming to verify the
efficiency of the laminate as reinforcement in the wooden beams. The experimental results indicate the possible use of the
laminated composite as reinforcement, presenting considerable increase in the maximum strength supported by the timber
when compared to unreinforced cracked condition, being more efficient for the Pinus elliiottii species.
Keywords Laminate Composite, Sisal Fibre, Timber Beams, Structural Reinforcement
1. Introduction
Beams are structural elements present in most of buildings.
Among the usual materials engineering highlights the wood,
to be from natural and renewable source, low density and
good mechanical performance. Timber structures when not
treated properly can present problems due to the attack of
biological degrading agents that contribute to the loss of their
physical and mechanical properties, compromising the
integrity of the structural components.
The study of repair and reinforcement in the structure of
wood has been the focus of technical and scientific papers,
aimed at developing viable solutions to be used in the
recovery of the same[1-7].
Of the possible materials used as reinforcement and repair
wooden structures stand out from the composites, because it
is a material designed, in order to obtain a resultant
mechanical properties superior to those of constituent
phases[8].
The use of vegetable fibres such as sisal [9-14], coir, jute,
bananaand bamboo as reinforcement in laminates composite
are considered as a good solution, show good tensile
* Corresponding author:
alchristoforo@yahoo.com.br (André Luis Christoforo)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/cmaterials
Copyright © 2012 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
strength[15-18], and are materials biodegradable and of low
cost when compared to synthetic fibres[19].
With the purpose of developing alternatives as
reinforcement in beams, this paper aims at the development
and characterization of composite laminated polymer matrix
reinforced with sisal fibres to be used as reinforcement in
Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii timber beams. The
wooden beams with and without the use of the composite
laminate is tested in bending, by making use of the static
three point bending tests, and comparing the maximum
strengths condition to the faultless timber, and defective
unreinforced and reinforced, and faulty, making it possible to
evaluate the efficiency of the manufacture composite.
2. Material and Methods
The raw material used is a vegetable fiber and sisal as
reinforcement and resin epoxy as matrix fase. The laminate
composite was manufacture with a layer. The fiber used was
obtained from the Sisal company (Brazil), with caution as the
use of fibres from the same batch. The Pinus elliottii and
Eucalyptus grandis timber used in the fabrication of the
specimens was obtained in a local sawmill in São João
del-Rei (MG-Brazil), having as a precautionary pre-screeni
ng of samples free defects.
Brackets have been manufactured of cast iron with 225
mm by 160 mm wide synthetic enamel coated. The sisal