SPECIAL FEATURE
WHAT WE FACE
Framing Problems in the Black Community
1
Nicole Arlette Hirsch
Department of Sociology, Harvard University
Anthony Abraham Jack
2
Department of Sociology, Harvard University
Abstract
While many sociological studies analyze the causes, conditions, and mechanisms
perpetuating American racial inequality, the literature on how African Americans understand
and explain these inequalities is less developed. Drawing on 150 interviews with middle-class
and working-class African American men and women, this paper analyzes inductively
how respondents define and conceptualize the most pressing obstacles facing their
group when probed on this question. We find that middle- and working-class respondents
alike identify the problem of racism as the most salient obstacle facing African Americans.
Class differences appear with respect to what other obstacles are singled out as salient:
while middle-class respondents focus on lack of racial solidarity among Blacks and
economic problems (in this order), working-class respondents are more concerned with
the fragility of the Black family followed by the lack of racial solidarity. This analysis
discusses the relevance of considering how groups make sense of obstacles, and of
racism and discrimination in particular, for the study of destigmatization and antiracist
strategies of stigmatized minorities.
Keywords: African Americans, Social Problems, Racism, Solidarity, Economics,
Black Family
INTRODUCTION
The growing literature on responses to stigmatization begins with the premise that
racism, discrimination, exclusion, and other forms of stigmatization are critical prob-
lems in the everyday experiences of members of stigmatized groups. While countless
studies document the persistence of racial inequalities, racial discrimination, and
negative attitudes towards Blacks and other minority groups ~Carter 2003; Charles
2006; Conley 1999; Feagin 1991; Kirshenman and Neckerman, 1991; Lacy 2007;
Lamont 2000; Massey and Denton, 1993; Pager 2007; Pettit and Western, 2004;
Du Bois Review, 9:1 (2012) 133–148.
© 2012 W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research 1742-058X012 $15.00
doi:10.10170S1742058X12000185
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