IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 4, Issue 1 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 20-25 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 20 | Page Spatial Distribution of Ancylostomiasis in Soil of Slums of Northren Lahore Shahida Azhar Ali 1 , Tanveer Akhtar 2 , Khalid Mahmood 3 , Wajid Ali Safi 4 , 1 & 2 Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan 3 Department of Space Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan 4 Solid Waste Management, Lahore, Pakistan Part of Ph.D. thesis of first author Abstract: A study was launched in slums of Lahore, Punjab from Nov 2006 to Oct 2008. Thematic disease map showed 3.22 % prevalence of Ancylostoma caninum (A.caninum) in contaminated soil samples collected from slums of Lahore. Area wise the highest prevalence of A. caninum’s eggs shed by dogs in contaminated soil samples of slums was observed 5 % in Missri Shah followed by 4.67 % in Bhutto Colony 3.83 % in Siddiqia Colony, 2.83 % in Khairdin Park, 2 % in Sheikhupura Road and lowest 1 % in Scheme No 2espectively. The highest month wise prevalence 10.67 % was observed in October that gradually declined 0.67% in March. The overall prevalence ratio of ancylostomiasis was (3.22 %). Thematic Disease map showed spatial prevalence. Keyword: Slums, Pakistan, Prevalence, ancylostomiasis, Ancylostoma caninum. Objective To observe the spatial distribution of A.caninum and to assess the degree of prevalence (%) in soil being contaminated by faeces of pet / stray dogs in slums of Lahore. I. Introduction And Literature Review Ancylostomiaisis is a widely spread parasitic disease in dogs / cats, in tropical and subtropical areas (Loukas et al. 2006) cause by Ancylostoma caninum (A.caninum) (Umar, 2009). It is the most common parasite of dog (Bojar and Klapec, 2012) with cosmopolitan distribution (Sowemimo and Asaolu, 2008 ), exists as zoonotic agent (Edosomwan and Chinweuba, 2012) that constitute a significant risk for public health (Kollataj et al., 2012). Ancylostomiaisis is also a soil transmitted disease usually known as sapro zoonosis i.e. infected eggs spread in soil, on vegetables, raw fruits and herbs (Jaffry et al. 2009). A. caninum is very pathogenic to stray dog (Ashraf et al., 2008) than domestic (Umar, 2009) because it’s infective filarial larvae from soil can penetrate into skin of dog cause lesion, wet eczema that is very severe to dog. II. Importance Of A. caninum In Dog A.caninum causes hemorrhagic dirrahoea (Lamb et al. 2012), atrophy of intestinal villi, eczema especially in rainy season when they get their feet be wet (Ashraf et al. 2008) anemia (Loukas and Prociv, 2001) and eosinophila 10 % to 15 % less than man (Bhatti et al. 2009; Ngui et al. 2012). III. Life Cycle In Dog A. caninum lives in small intestine of dog (Ashraf et al. 2008), female lays 16,000 eggs / day, eliminate via faeces in environment, contaminate the soil, vegetables, fruits, and herbs (Khayatnouri and Garedaghi, 2012). Eggs can survive at temperature between 25 0 C to 30 0 C, humidity above 90 %, under shade, availability of O 2 and change into 1 st stage larva, after one week molts into 3 rd stage larva. This is infective not only to definite host (pups) itself but also for human, live in soil for further 3 week. It can now enter to pups via oral route as they ingest contaminated soil or via penetration of skin, cause skin lesions and through blood stream lodge into small intestine as 4 th stage larva and after maturity again the cycle is repeated. It causes eosinophilic enteritis in dogs restricted to small intestine, treatable but recurrent with seasonal changing pattern. 20 days after post infection low level of Hb was observed in dogs due to low iron diet (Held et al. 2006). The juvenile larvae transfer to pups via transmammary / transplacental transmission (Edosomwan and Chinweuba, 2012). After examining faecal samples of dogs the prevalence rate 13.4 % for A. caninum and 2.5 % for T. canis was obsereved (Isabel et al. 2005), whereas in Mashad out of 100 stray dogs 91 % were found naturally infected, having 1 % infection of A. caninum and 37 % T. canis (Razmi et al. 2006). Out of 203 faecal samples of dogs 59.1 % were positive for A. caninum, stray dogs showed prevalence rate 72.7 % and pet 54 % due to the fact that pet were living in proper situations and were provided balance food as compared to stray dogs (Ashraf,