Complexity and Policy- 1 Running Head: COMPLEXITY AND POLICY The School District as a Complex Adaptive System: Exploring A Complexity Theory Perspective on Policy Implementation Alan J. Daly ∗ University of California, San Diego Nienke M. Moolenaar* University of Twente Nathalie Carrier* University of Toronto/OISE Miguel del Fresno Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia UNDER REVIEW AT EDUCATIONAL POLICY Contact Information: Alan J. Daly Education Studies University of California, San Diego ajdaly@ucsd.edu 805.252.7819 ∗ Authorship represents equal contribution by the three authors