0165–2516/11/0212–0069 Int’l. J. Soc. Lang. 212 (2011), pp. 69–89
© Walter de Gruyter DOI 10.1515/IJSL.2011.047
Beliefs about language status and corpus
in focus group discussions on
the Ukrainian language policy
VOLODYMYR KULYK
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between popular beliefs about language
status and corpus, as manifested in focus group discussions on language policy
in Ukraine. The main inding pertains to the unequal attention to and evalua-
tion of the quality of the two languages predominantly used in Ukrainian soci-
ety. While the increased presence of Ukrainian in some language practices
where Russian dominated in the Soviet and early post-Soviet years is often
scrutinized and criticized, largely because of its supposedly low quality, the
continued use of Russian usually remains unnoticed. This remarkable asym-
metry is characteristic even of many Ukrainian-speakers who support the
prevalence of their language but have internalized some implicit beliefs
regarding its inferiority vis-à-vis Russian. This relationship appears to be an
important mechanism of reproducing the dominant position of Russian as
attempts at elevating the status of Ukrainian are hindered by the widespread
perception of its corpus inadequacy for those roles it has not played hitherto.
Keywords: language beliefs; language policy; status; corpus; translation;
Ukraine.
1. Introduction
The use of certain languages or varieties in certain situations is guided by the
speakers’ beliefs regarding these varieties and situations, beliefs which make
them consciously or subconsciously choose a variety that they consider the
most appropriate in a given situation. Such beliefs also inform decisions of the
state authorities or other authoritative social actors on the language regimes of
certain domains and practices, that is, on languages (it is usually varieties
called languages that such decisions prescribe) to be used by people interacting
therein. The match between the beliefs of those who prescribe certain languages