Caspian Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(AICCE'12 & GIZ' 12), pp. 285-291, 2013
Available online at http://www.cjasr.com
ISSN: 2251-9114, ©2012 CJASR
285
AWAM International Conference on Civil Engineering & Geohazard Information Zonation
Materials Wastage Estimations on Building Construction Projects in Uganda
Lawrence. Muhwezi
*
, Leonard. M. Chamuriho
1
and Ninatubu. M. Lema
1
*
Kyambogo University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, P. O. Box 7181,
Kampala, Uganda.
1
University of Dar-es-Salaam, College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Structural and Construction
Engineering, P. O. Box 35131, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
*
Corresponding Author: lmuhwezi@hotmail.com
Materials wastages on building construction projects has been identified as a major problem in the Ugandan
construction industry and it has caused significant impacts on health, aesthetics and the general environment.
There is no available data on exact quantities and their causes which would provide a necessary tool for
evaluating these quantities and hence help in making the adequate decisions for their minimization and
sustainable management. Data was collected by observations of site activities, handling and usage of materials,
from site drawings and bills of quantities. This research presents the findings of a study carried out on four
construction sites in Kampala district to investigate materials wastage levels for five basic construction materials
on sites. Wastage levels and waste causes are discussed. The results indicate that materials wastage on Ugandan
construction sites are much higher than the nominal values estimators use in their cost estimates and there is
high variability in material wastage for different building projects. Understanding the causes and quantities of
these wastes will assist project managers and engineers in discovering alternative ways for their reduction in
order to increase projects’ performances. Most of these wastes are controllable and their reduction can be
achieved by creating waste awareness among site personnel and making improvements in general company
management on waste related issues.
Key word: Materials wastes, building projects, waste reduction, wastage levels
1. INTRODUCTION
Material waste has been considered to be a major
problem in the construction industry. The growth
in construction activities increases the amount of
construction waste generated (Chandrakanthi et al.,
2002). According to Ganesan (2000), construction
materials account for the largest input into
construction activities, in the range of 50-60% of
the total project cost. Unfortunately, this large
portion of materials is not wholly utilized by the
industry. Due to lack of consideration given to
waste generation reduction strategies during
planning and design stages, estimators often plan
for extra construction materials (Shen and Tam,
2002). Waste in construction is not only focused
on material waste on sites but also on labour,
capital, time and machinery. However, material
wastage is of more concern because most of the
raw materials from which construction inputs are
derived come from non-renewable resources.
Accounting for these wastes is very important as it
can assist management in improving resource
allocation, minimising waste and increasing
productivity (Pheng and Meng, 1997).
The cost of waste affects the competitive edge
of contractors, making their survival more difficult
in a competitive environment (Macozoma, 2002).
The generation of wastes does not only represent a
great loss to the nation’s resources but also a loss
of profits to contractors due to extra overhead costs
and delays in work execution which lead to lower
productivity (Skoyles and Skoyles, 1987). One
way to improve the quality and efficiency of the
construction industry is by reduction of waste at all
stages of the construction process (Egan, 1998).
Construction and demolition waste have become a
burden to clients, as they have to bear the cost of
waste eventually (Skoyles and Skoyles, 1987).
1.1. Materials waste concept
As much as 50% of all materials extracted from the
earth’s crust are transformed into construction
materials and products (USEPA, 1995 and Arpad,
2004). Studies have shown that not all materials
procured and delivered to sites are used for the