Potency in All the Right Places: Viagra
as a Technology of the Gendered Body
LAURA MAMO AND JENNIFER FISHMAN
Recent work from the humanities and social sciences has begun to explore the
multiple interfaces between technologies and bodies, raising important questions
regarding the ways in which bodies and current technological innovations,
representations and biomedical practices are mutually constituted. These inter-
faces have led to what many are calling the emergence of ‘techno-bodies’
(Balsamo, 1996), ‘hybrids’ (Latour, 1993), ‘plastic’ bodies (Bordo, 1993, 1997),
‘posthuman’ bodies (Halberstam and Livingston, 1995; Hayles, 1999), ‘cyborgs’
(Haraway, 1991) and even ‘monsters’ (Lykke and Braidotti, 1996). Central to
these approaches is the idea that the human body, once thought to be organic and
natural has been repositioned as a boundary figure neither wholly
‘organic/natural’ nor ‘technological and cultural’. Instead of pre-figuring culture,
bodies are constituted within it. At work is the erasure of the nature/culture and
body/machine dualisms by replacing a stable, fixed body with emergent, flexible
and ‘volatile’ bodies (Grosz, 1994). Here, bodies are understood as changed by
and also changing technological innovations, representations and medical prac-
tices.
Theoretical approaches addressing the body often obscure the social, cultural
and socio-economic contexts within which the co-constitution of potentially
transformative technologies and (material and discursive) bodies occur. It is our
contention that reformulations of techno-bodies, understood as ‘health, enhanced
. . . [and] more real than real’ (Balsamo, 1996: 5), occur within new cultures of
biomedicalization which profoundly influence, and are influenced by, the emer-
gent meanings of and inscriptions on the materiality of bodies. We use the term
Body & Society
©
2001 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi),
Vol. 7(4): 13–35
[1357–034X (200112)7:4;13–35;017600]
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