Developing the capacity of teacher-librarians to
meet the diverse needs of all schoolchildren:
Project ENABLE
William N. Myhill
1
, Renee Franklin Hill
2
, Kristen Link
2
, Ruth V. Small
2
and Kelly Bunch
1
1
Burton Blatt Institute (BBI), Syracuse University, USA;
2
School of Information Studies (iSchool), Syracuse University, USA
Key words: Inclusive education, digital media, library services, social model, disability.
US school libraries are required to ensure that
schoolchildren and school staff with disabilities have
equal opportunity to use and benefit from library
facilities and information services under federal
law. However, evidence indicates teacher-librarians
(TLs) often lack the training, knowledge and skills to
provide programmes and services that meet the
needs of students with disabilities. Project ENABLE
(Expanding Nondiscriminatory Access by Librarians
Everywhere) was created to respond to this short-
fall by designing, implementing and evaluating a
professional development programme in New York
State. The project applies a social model of disabi-
lity to help 100 TLs, special educators and general
educators further develop their skills and resources
by teaming together to create an inclusive envi-
ronment for all students. This is achieved through
the use of universal design principles, appropriate
assistive and other technologies, an emphasis on
person-first language and sensitivity simulations,
a focus on inclusive lesson planning, and by deve-
loping collaboration capacity among participant
teams. Curriculum development, data collection
and analyses are presented. The effect of the
Project ENABLE trainings was significant in terms
of higher levels of skill and knowledge reported
by participants for creating accessible library
programmes, advancing inclusive education and
building effective collaborations. Drawing from
their workshop learning and resources, participant
teams developed action plans to implement during
the 2011–2012 school year. This project under-
scores the importance of TLs in the education of
all students, including those with disabilities. Higher
education and local professional development
programmes must place greater emphasis on
preparing TLs to perform this role effectively and
confidently.
Introduction
The disability studies perspective utilises the social model
of disability to explain disadvantages associated with
having a disability (Shakespeare, 1996). In 1975, the
Union of the Physically Impaired against Segregation,
a UK disability rights organization, first articulated the
social model of disability claiming: ‘In our view it is society
which disables physically impaired people. Disability is
something imposed on top of our impairments by the way
we are unnecessarily isolated and excluded from full
participation in society’ (UPIAS, 1975).
Viewed through this model, such disadvantages are a
product of negative attitudes and systematic discrimination
(stigma) that result in barriers to information, education,
employment, public services and the physical environment,
among others. Disability itself is viewed as a social con-
struct rather than an individual deficit, and people with
disabilities are viewed as part of a minority group with a
cultural identity (Oliver, 2004). The medical model of dis-
ability, in contrast, looks at people with disabilities as
having individual deficits that need to be fixed in order to fit
into the existing environment and society (Shakespeare,
2002).
In the USA, the Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) mandates that students with disabilities must
be integrated to the maximum extent appropriate in public
schools. Each eligible student is entitled to an Individua-
lized Education Plan (IEP) specifying how the school will
meet the child’s educational needs at no cost to the family
(Myhill, 2004). However, it utilises a medical model that
relies on labelling students on the basis of disability to
deliver services that best assist them to fit into and
succeed in the existing school environment (Triano, 2000).
This includes a continuum of services that may segregate
students from the general population for specific activities
or services and, under certain circumstances, for most
or all of the school day (Murdick, Gartin and Crabtree,
2007). The school library, however, is a place where
all students can have equal access to information and
education.
There is a common myth among many educators that only
special educators (SEs) have the expertise or knowledge of
Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · Volume 12 · Number 4 · 2012 201–216
doi: 10.1111/j.1471-3802.2012.01240.x
201
© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs © 2012 NASEN. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and
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