INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN:2320‐3137 259 www.earthjournals.org Volume 2 Issue 3 2013 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE A STUDY OF SERUM ADENOSINE DEAMINASE LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL Gohe1 MG* 1 , Sirajwala HB 2 , Kalaria TR 3 , Kamariya CP 4 1 Assistant professor, Department of Biochemistry, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad (India) 2 Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Govt Medical College, Baroda (India) 3 Fellow Diabetologist, Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Center, Chennai (India) 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, P.D.U. Medical College, Rajkot (India) ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a group of common metabolic disorders that share common phenotype of hyperglycemia. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a cytosolic enzyme of purine metabolism, which has been the object of considerable interest. Present study was undertaken to assess and compare level of serum ADA activity in type 2 DM patients with good and poor glycemic control. FBS, PP 2 BS and HbA1c were estimated as a measure of glycemic control. Further correlation between serum ADA level with FBS, PP 2 BS and HbA1c (markers of short and long term glycemic control) was studied. A cross sectional study consists of 150 patients out of them 50 patients having type 2 DM with good control (Group II), 50 patients with type 2 DM with poor control (Group III) and 50 normal healthy control (Group-I) were selected. Statistically significant increase in serum ADA level in group II and group III cases compare to Group I. There was a statically significant positive correlation between ADA and FBS, PP 2 BS and HbA1c (markers of glycemic control) in group II and group II (more strong in group III). ADA was also found to be a marker of T cell activation and a producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A positive correlation between ADA level with short and long term glycemic control suggest its important role in glucose and lipid metabolic derangements seen in type 2 DM patients. Thus, ADA plays an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM and its complications. Keywords: Adenosine deaminase, Glycemic control, Type 2 diabetes mellitus INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, incurable, costly, and increasing but largely preventable non communicable disease which is responsible for millions of deaths annually, debilitating complications, and incalculable human misery [1] . Thus, understanding the pathogenesis and preventing and/or ameliorating these long-term complications have been major goals of research in diabetes mellitus. Type 2 DM is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased glucose production. Distinct genetic and metabolic defects in insulin action and/or secretion give rise to the common phenotype of hyperglycemia in type 2 DM [2] . Hyperglycemia not only defines the disease but is the cause of its most characteristic symptoms and long-term