A BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SHOULDER LOADING AND EFFORT DURING LOAD TRANSFER TASKS by Clark Rutherford Dickerson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Engineering) in The University of Michigan 2005 Doctoral Committee: Professor Don B. Chaffin, Co-Chairman Associate Professor Richard E. Hughes, Co-Chairman Associate Professor Bernard J. Martin Research Professor James A. Ashton-Miller