Low band gap Co
80
Ni
20
@RGO nanocomposite
Debajyoti De
1,2,a
, Subham Majumdar
2
and Saurav Giri
2
1
NITMAS, Diamond Harbor Road, 24 PGS (s), W.B., India
2
Dept. of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,
Kolkata – 32, W.B., India
a
sspdd@iacs.res.in
Keywords: Graphene, Nano alloy, Co
80
Ni
20
, RGO
Abstract. We report a novel approach of designing ordered arrangement of disorder on the
extended structures of graphene. We prepared single phase nanoparticles of Co
80
Ni
20
alloy
embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO). Co
80
Ni
20
shows a large moment and a soft
ferromagnetic character like permalloy at room temperature. Temperature dependence of
permittivity shows a behavior quite contrary to usual ceramic materials showing an increase with
decreasing temperature, exhibiting a maximum. A very large magnitude of permittivity ~ 5000 is
observed, which is possibly related to an interesting Maxwell-Wagner type effect arising from the
charge localization in the graphene sheets. For a deeper insight of the mechanism, correlations with
other phenomena are studied through magnetization, dc resistivity, I-V etc. investigations.
Temperature dependent magnetization indicates toward strong ferromagnetic interaction and MH
loop shows low coercivity ferromagnetic interaction at 4 K and even at room temperature.
Introduction
Graphene has been focused as an emerging candidate for future generation electronics. The
hindrance is a very low band gap and low resistivity. Attempts to overcome this problem include
sophisticated fabrication aiming to introduce controlled disorder driven by defects, which leads to
localization of conductivity and opening of band gap between conduction and valence bands paving
the way for novel graphene based materials. Although a lot has been investigated on graphene based
materials regarding electronic or electrical behavior, very less is studied on the dielectric nature of
such systems. Graphene, a two dimensional monoatomic thick building block of a carbon allotrope,
has attracted appreciable attention due to its exceptional electronic and optoelectronic properties [1-
3]. Up to now various techniques are developed to synthesize thin sheets of graphene, of them
chemical reduction route with hydrazine and ammonia is considered to be the most economical and
effective method for large scale production of graphene nano sheets (GNs) [3-9]. Here, we report
synthesis and characterisation of Co
80
Ni
20
alloy grown in Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO). We
want to concentrate our study on change in magnetic and electric properties when single phase alloy
of Co
80
Ni
20
is embedded in two dimensional graphene sheets. Graphene sheets were prepared
following reduced Hummers’ method [10]. We tried to develop a composite of Co
80
Ni
20
@RGO
with weight percentage 3:1 or volume fraction φ=30%. 2 g of graphite powder was vigorously
stirred with 1 g sodium nitrate and 50 ml concentrated sulphuric acid in an ice bath. 6 g KMnO
4
was
added slowly keeping the temperature of the solution below 10
o
C. Then the solution was brought to
80
o
C with adding some warm water. After 1 h H
2
O
2
(30%) was added which created huge
inflammation. The bright yellow solution was centrifuged in speed 6000 r.p.m. for 10 minutes after
adding some HCl to eliminate the metallic impurities. Product was washed with distilled water and
dried in 50
o
C for some days and thus graphene oxide (GO) was formed. GO powder, desired
amounts of cobalt chloride and nickel chloride were dispersed in ethylene glycol by sonication for
several hours until the solution reaches homogeneity. Then appropriate amount of hydrazine
hydrate (N
2
H
4
, 35%) was added and reaction was continued for 6 h at 80
o
C with constant refluxing
with cold water. The solution was centrifuged with speed 6000 r.p.m and calcined at 600
o
C for 6 h
under the flow of Ar (95%) and H
2
(5%). Thus the product was obtained where alloy is formed in
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 856 (2014) pp 299-303
Online available since 2013/Dec/06 at www.scientific.net
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.856.299
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