88 © Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin · Mauerwerk 15 (2011), Heft 2 Fachthemen The following contribution focuses on the global behaviour of masonry structures subjected to wind loads. It describes the in- teraction between the structural elements and their influences on the global behaviour. Numerical models based on discrete / finite element approach of different scales have been built for a typical terraced house masonry building. The models have been used to investigate the contribution of each shear wall to the overall capacity of the structure, and to determine the portion of each from vertical/horizontal loads. The results give an insight into the interaction between the deforma- tion of the slab and the rocking of the shear walls. The different performances between the model with rigid foundation and the model with elastic foundation have been compared. Models for strips of the building have been built with an intention to deal with in-plane behaviour separated from the influences of load distribution. A comparison of the results of the strip model with the results of the global model shows, that the strip model results are in safe side. Das Verhalten von Mauerwerk unter Windlasten – Der Einfluss der Gesamteinwirkung auf die Reaktion einzelner Bauteile. Der folgende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf das globale Verhalten von Mauerwerksbauten unter Windlasten. Er beschreibt die Wechsel- wirkungen zwischen den einzelnen Strukturelementen und deren Einflüsse auf das Gesamtverhalten. Es sind numerische Modelle für ein typisches Reihenhaus aus Mauerwerk, die auf dem Diskrete-/ Finite-Elemente-Ansatz basieren, in unterschiedlichen Maßstäben erstellt worden. Die Modelle dienten der Untersuchung des Beitrages jeder einzel- nen Wandscheibe zur Gesamtwiderstandsfähigkeit des Bauwerks sowie ihres Anteils an der Ableitung der vertikalen und horizontalen Belastungen. Die Ergebnisse geben einen Einblick in die Wechsel- wirkung zwischen der Verformung der Deckenplatte und dem Kippen der Wandscheiben. Es wurde das unterschiedliche Ver- halten eines Modells mit starrem Fundament und eines Modells mit elastischer Gründung verglichen. Verschiedene Streifenmodelle des Gebäudes dienten dazu, das Schub-Verhalten getrennt von den Einflüssen der Lastverteilung beschreiben zu können. Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse des Streifen- modells mit den Ergebnissen des Gesamtmodells zeigt, dass das Streifenmodell auf der sicheren Seite liegt. 1 Introduction The response of masonry structure under wind loads has unique behaviour differs significantly from the response of other structural systems such as reinforced concrete. This unique behaviour is mainly caused by the high stiffness and brittle material behaviour exhibited by masonry and the deformability of the diaphragm system. While, it is com- mon to segment the structure into components to extrapo- late out component behaviour to predict overall structure response, such an approach may neglect important global effects which can result in significant influences. Some experimental studies were performed in that di- rection on the global response of masonry building under horizontal actions. In Ljubljana, the global behaviour of apartment buildings were investigated by shaking table tests of 1 : 5 scaled specimens (Tomaz ˇevicˇ/Weiss [15]). In USA, several investigations were made on the seismic perfor- mance of masonry structures with flexible diaphragms (Moon [13]). In Europe, comprehensive investigations were carried out on earthquake resistance of masonry structures within the framework of the European Union research pro- ject ESECMaSE (Meyer/González [11]). True scale pseudo- dynamic tests have been performed on two terraced house halves with a typical central European ground plan. The developing of engineering models that describes the overall response of masonry buildings under horizon- tal loading has received considerable interest. Ötes/Löring [14] have proposed a bar model that considers the cou- pling of the bar system of the inner and outer shear walls to ensure the compatibility of deformation. The gable walls were included in the model as vertical bars. The ex- ternal walls develop a frame action, which discharge some of the loads coming to the inner walls. However, it was as- sumed generally uncracked cross sections. Elsche [4] has performed finite element analysis for terraced house under horizontal displacements. The model considers masonry walls from calcium silicate with thin layer mortar. The walls assumed to have cohesion contact with the slab, so that the possible openings failures can be simulated. The external walls has been separated without considering contact in between, only the contact elements were defined on the interfaces between the slab and the wall. The results of calculation show the contribution of each shear wall from the whole basement shear force. Fehling/Stürz [5] have been used a bar model with at- tached rigid bodies in double-T form for modelling the shear walls in case of rocking. Due to Fehling/Stürz [5] the rocking occurs by meeting a specific criterion based on normal stress, compression strength of masonry, and the ratio of length to the height of the wall, which is quite The performance of masonry buildings under wind loads – The influence of the global effect on component response Tammam Bakeer DOI: 10.1002/dama.201100999