International Journal of Organizational learning and Change
Vol. 1, No. 1, 2013
©SOCIETY OF MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Page 1
Barriers for Entrepreneurial Ventures in Pakistan
Iram Akhtar
MS Scholar at Govt. College University Faisalabad
Email:iramali55@hotmail.com
Qamar Ali
Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Email: qamarwaince@gmail.com
Khaliq Ur Rehman Cheema
MS Scholar at Govt. College University Faisalabad
Email: khaliqcheema@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of education, social network and
work-life balance on male and female entrepreneurs. The research has three main objectives:
(a) to examine the impact of gender education on entrepreneurship, (b) to observe the impact
of social networking on entrepreneurship, (c) to make an evaluation of entrepreneur’s
opinion about entrepreneurship from the result of this research study. The population of the
study consisted of available entrepreneurs in city Faisalabad. Random sampling technique is
used to withdraw a representative sample. The sample size was selected of 120 male and
female and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Furthermore Reliability
analysis, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The study
concluded that education, social networking and work life balance has strong impact on
entrepreneurship and these challenges are equally disturbing both genders.
Key Words: Education, Social networking, Work-life balance, Entrepreneurship, and
Pakistan
INTRODUCTION
The concept of permanent employment has almost gone today. Individual’s mood
has been turned towards self employment Jackson and Vitberg (1987) cited in Scott and
Twomey (1988). Therefore at present entrepreneurship has a very strong scope and become
very popular in modern era due to its impact on nation, economy and individual’s
development Davidsson and wiklund (2000); Low (2001; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000;
Venkataraman (1997).
Entrepreneur faces problems and challenges at the start of business. The first main
challenge being faced is education. Education plays an important part in the success of
venture. Education is correlated with lower start-up costs of enterprise and high wealth.
Education influences the greater productivity of a business and entrepreneurial
abilities. It is profitable for entrepreneur as compared to employees. Second problem is
social networking in which women face a big gap in the male dominant society. Weak
networking is based on religious beliefs. A social network is used to identify the relationship
between individuals. Entrepreneurs face barriers in social bonding.