Marriage, Sudanese-Style:
Transnational Practices of Citizenship
and Gender-Making for Sudanese
Nationals in Egypt
Anita Fábos
University of East London
Introduction
This paper explores the contradictions between national identity and
gendered practices of statecraft and metanarratives such as Arab Unity
and Islam as they pertain to gender and identity for northern Sudanese
transmigrants in Cairo. Like most states of the Arab Middle East, Egypt
grants citizenship by way of a patrilineal conceptualization of identity
that draws upon Arab and Islamic cultural practices. Northern
Sudanese, regarded as fellow Arab Muslims, have been included in
Egyptian policies that transcend statecraft (such as preferential residen-
tial and educational policies based on the “brotherhood” of the two peo-
ples of the Nile valley), yet they are excluded from citizenship except
through the practice of Sudanese women marrying Egyptian men.
Despite the possibility of real benefits of citizenship acquired through
marriage of Egyptian nationals, Sudanese women living in Egypt do not
seem to be pursuing this strategy. Recent negative changes in their legal
status have focused attention on women as guardians not only of tradition
but also of Sudanese citizenship. In this paper, I analyze Sudanese mar-
riage practices in light of changes in Egyptian citizenship laws and resi-
dency regulations pertaining to Sudanese. This paper uses ethnographic
data from fieldwork conducted between 1994 and 1997 among Sudanese
living in Cairo, current research on Egyptian nationalism and citizenship
47
© Northeast African Studies (ISSN 0740-9133)
Vol. 8, No. 2 (New Series) 2001, pp. 47-68
NEAS_V8#2.qxd 6/22/05 10:28 PM Page 47