What childless older people give : is the generational link broken ? MARCO ALBERTINI* and MARTIN KOHLI# ABSTRACT With the increase of childlessness in European societies, its consequences have become a matter of concern. Studies in this field, however, have concentrated on what childless people lack and need in terms of social, financial and moral sup- port. In contrast, this article focuses on what childless people give to their families, friends, unrelated others and to society at large. Using 2004 data on social support and financial transfers given and received by people aged 50 or more years in ten European countries from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the analyses show that the support networks of childless older people tend to be somewhat weaker than those of parents and that links with members of the younger generations in the family are stronger for parents than for those without children. The results also indicate, however, that the differences in transfer behaviour between parents and childless adults are small, and that the support networks of the childless are more diverse than those of parents, and characterised by stronger links with ascendants and lateral relatives and with non- relatives. Moreover, people without children tend to be more intensely involved in charities and comparable organisations. KEY WORDS – childlessness, generational link, intergenerational support, intergenerational transfers, family networks, charitable giving. Childlessness and the informal support of older people Being childless is increasingly common in many western developed societies, so it is not surprising that recent demographic and sociological research has given attention to this phenomenon and its social conse- quences. The first strand of research focused on the motivations behind the recent increase in the rate of childlessness (and the low fertility rate), particularly among the youngest birth cohorts (Gonza ´lez and Jurado- Guerrero 2006). A second interest has been in the individual consequences of childlessness, particularly the impact of childlessness on psychological * Department of Educational Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. # European University Institute, Florence, Italy. Ageing & Society 29, 2009, 1261–1274. f Cambridge University Press 2009 1261 doi:10.1017/S0144686X0999033X Printed in the United Kingdom