Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000112
J Tourism Hospit
ISSN: 2167-0269 JTH, an open access journal
Research Article Open Access
Salem et al., J Tourism Hospit 2013, 2:2
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0269.1000112
Research Article Open Access
Tourism & Hospitality
Determinants and Effects of Applying Electronic Marketing in Alexandria
Hotels: Current Status and Future Trends
Islam Salem
1
*, Osman Ahmed El-Said
1
and Mohammad Nabil
2
1
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Egypt
2
Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: Islam Salem, Hotel Management Department, Faculty
of Tourism & Hotels, Alexandria University, Egypt; Tel: +2 012 2794 50 59; E-mail:
Islam_salim1@yahoo.com
Received May 03, 2013; Accepted June 25, 2013; Published June 28, 2013
Citation: Salem IEB, El-Said OA, Nabil M (2013) Determinants and Effects of
Applying Electronic Marketing in Alexandria Hotels: Current Status and Future
Trends. J Tourism Hospit 2: 112. doi:10.4172/2167-0269.1000112
Copyright: © 2013 Salem IEB, et al. This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.
Keywords: E-Marketing; Transactions
Introduction
However Electronic Marketing (E-Marketing) is still a relatively
new concept, particularly for organizations operating in developing
countries that have limited resources, bad infrastructure, and strong
competition and cannot aford to make unwise investments or
wrong decisions. herefore, there is a need to have a much clearer
understanding of E-marketing implementation, problems as well as its
opportunities for such organizations; and how these technologies can
be used to carry out the organization marketing activities and processes
in a more efective and eicient way than reliance on traditional
marketing practices [1]. He added that E-marketing adoption and
implementation by Egyptian tourism organizations can be a very
important tool in solving the current problems associated with
Egyptian tourism industry as a result of the political unrest not only in
Egypt but also in the Middle East. he adoption and implementation
of E-marketing can help Egyptian tourism organizations in inding
leverage points that can help such organizations in overcoming its
current problems.
Alexandria city is one of the very important tourism destinations in
Egypt. Hospitality organizations in Alexandria are growing in numbers,
while the market demand is not growing in the same trend. herefore
the gap between market demand and supply in Alexandrian market will
increase. herefore, this paper presents indings of a survey of hotels in
Alexandria. It examines the adoption of E-marketing by hotels. Issues
such as awareness and general policy of E-marketing activities; pre-sale
information and communication with online customers; various ways
of transactions; post-sale communication and enhancing E-image and
E-relationship; and general image of application of E-marketing were
addressed and are reported on. In addition, a review of the literature on
E-marketing tools adoption and usage reveals that most of the extant
studies limit themselves to only understanding the current nature of
E-marketing tools adoption and usage without providing insights into
the future usage patterns of E-marketing applications, which is an
equally critical issue to help hotels make informed decisions.
Literature Review
E-marketing in the tourism and hospitality industry
he internet had become an integral part of the tourism
information system, afecting inal purchase decisions by acting as a
portal of information for tourism businesses. It is concluded by Litvin
and others [2] that those hospitality establishments who opted not to
use the World Wide Web were likely losing an important competitive
advantage. herefore, the rapid adoption of Internet marketing by
hotels has yielded myriad studies of hospitality Internet adoption and
its impact on hotel operation [3]. Many studies discussed the current
stand of and potential role of internet in marketing and promoting
tourism destinations [4-8]. his progress is also apparent in studies
further considering hotel website dimensions and attributes and their
efect on the perceptions of online browsers and purchasers, such as
those of [9-11]. Moreover, other studies intended to analyze the usage
of E-marketing applications in the tourism and hospitality industry
[12].
Hanson suggests that E-marketing can be seen as a distinction
between three stages: the publishing stage (one way communication),
the database and forms stage (simple interaction including
e-commerce), and the personalization stage (complex interaction)
[13]. While, Brodie et al. deined E-marketing as using the internet and
other interactive technologies to create and mediate dialogue between
the irm and identiied customers, clients or patients.E-marketing is
characterized as being reliant on technology to enable interactivity as
it involves establishing an electronic dialogue that provides individual
customers access to information, and in turn, the use of interactive
technologies also allows these customers to provide information to
the business [14]. Moreover, Park and Gretzel stated that E-marketing
includes all electronic data and applications used for the marketing
of a irm’s products, such as customer proile and marketing mix
Abstract
Alexandria is an international tourist destination. Due to its limited natural attractions and growing regional
competition, Alexandrian hotels’ operators need to adopt and implement creative marketing tools. This study explores
the current and future adoption and role of electronic marketing [E-marketing] strategies and e-distribution channels
in Alexandrian hotels. Despite the exponential growth of E-marketing, little is still known about its application and
effectiveness in Alexandrian hotels. This exploratory study aims to ill in this gap. Field study revealed that most
e-marketing procedures have not been applied, application of Awareness/General-Policy-related procedures helps
better apply procedures in other phases, and that 5-star hotels apply E-marketing partially better than 4-star hotels.
Further managers’ opinions and thoughts have been sought, concerning the overall context and perceived barriers
of applying E-marketing, both current and future aspects. Finally, best E-marketing practices are identiied, and a
simpliied strategy for developing an effective E-marketing mix is proposed.