F.J. VAN OVERVELD 1 , U. DEMKOW 2 , D. GÓRECKA 3 , W.A. DE BACKER 1 , J. ZIELIÑSKI 3 DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES UPON CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY BETWEEN SMOKING AND NON-SMOKING PATIENTS WITH COPD 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium; 2 Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland; 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland. Inhaled corticosteroids have a high level of topical anti-inflammatory activity. However, in patients with COPD these drugs have been reported to exert limited effects. A reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is suggested to prevent the anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids. Cigarette smoke is known to reduce HDAC expression. The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of corticosteroid therapy in both smoking and non-smoking COPD patients. Twenty- three smoking patients and 18 ex-smoking patients with COPD were treated with inhaled corticosteroids for a period of 2 months. Blood and induced sputum samples were collected before and after treatment. Values of FEV 1 %-predicted did not change upon the therapy, but there was a trend to improve in the ex-smokers (63.1 à 64.8%-pred.), compared with a decrease in the smokers (63.3 à 61.6%-pred.). The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 increased in the group of smokers from 379 ±78 to 526 ±118 ng/ml. Although not significant, a slight decrease from 382 ±70 to 342 ±62 ng/ml was observed in the group of ex-smokers. The neutrophil related elastase activity showed similar effects after steroid treatment, it went up from 36.4 ±12.0 to 113.5 ±9.7 nmol/l in smokers, and decreased from 346.2 ±72.1 to 131.1 ±6.5 nmol/l in ex-smokers with COPD. These results support the evidence that inhaled corticosteroids have no anti-inflammatory effects in COPD patients, but only when these patients are still smoking. Smoking cessation seems the best therapy for COPD patients. Key words: COPD, corticosteroid, ex-smokers, smoking cigarettes, therapy JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006, 57, Supp 4, 273282 www.jpp.krakow.pl