Т. Ю. ТаȔȍȘȤяȕ (ȘȍȌ.д. АȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ȗȍȌȈȋȖȋȐчȍșȒȖȑ ȓȐȕи ȋȊȐșȚȐȒȐ. ВȣȗуșȒ 9. ВȓаȌȐȒавȒаȏз нлл7. 46-52. Ⱥ. ȼ. ɄɊȺȼɑȿɇɄɈ Ɉ ɉɈɇəɌɂɂ "ɅɂɌȿɊАɌɍɊɇЫɃ əɁЫɄ" В ɌɊАȾɂЦɂɈɇɇɈɆ əɁЫɄɈɁɇАɇɂɂ ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ- ɩɪɨɫ: "ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ?", ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ, ɫɤɨɪɟɣ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨ- ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɟɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ – ɷɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɹɡɵɤ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɢ- ɲɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɫɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚ- ɧɢɢ, ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɟɧ ɭɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɧɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ (ɬ. ɟ. ɭɫɬɧɨɦɭ)? ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɦɨɞɭɫɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ, ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ – ɪɚɜɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵ ɥɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɫɬɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ? ɂ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ- ɫɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ? ɉɨɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɟɦ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨ- ɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦ ɥɸɛɨɩɵɬɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɵɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ (ɨɬ ɥɚɬ. littera "ɛɭɤɜɚ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ") ɧɟɞɜɭɫɦɵɫɥɟɧ- ɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɢ- ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ, ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ [3], ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ, ɚ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ [8]. Эɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɚ) ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ (ɩɨ- ɷɡɢɹ, ɩɪɨɡɚ, ɞɪɚɦɚ), ɛ) ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ- ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ( ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ. Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ: "Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɭщеɫɬвɨ- вɚɧɢя яɡыкɚ … ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ: ɚ) ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɨɡɧɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɵ; ɛ) ɨɛɳɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯ; ɜ) ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ; ɝ) ɜɵ- ɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ" [1: 56]. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ "ɹɡɵɤ – ɪɟɱɶ" ɢ "ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ – ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ", ɧɚɡɨɜɟɦ ɟɳɟ ɚɧɬɢɧɨɦɢɸ "ɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ – ɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɧɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ" [4]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ "ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ (ɭɫɬ- ɧɵɣ) – ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ (ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣ)" ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ: 1) ɧɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ / ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, 2) ɭɫɬɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ / ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ (ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣ) ɹɡɵɤ, 3) ɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ / ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ (ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɚɹ) ɪɟɱɶ, 4) ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ- ɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ / ɤɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ, 5) ɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ / ɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɧɟɥɢɬɟɪɚ- ɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ, 6) ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ / ɹɡɵɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, 7) ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɢɟ / ɥɢ- ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɛɟɝɥɨɝɨ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɹɜɧɭɸ ɧɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨ- ɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɟɫɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵ- ɜɚɟɦɵɯ "ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ" ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ "ɹɡɵɤ" ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ – ɯɨɬɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ, ɫ ɱɟɦ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɟɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɪɟɱɶ. Эɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɹɡɵɤ ɢ ɪɟɱɶ: ɨɞɢɧ – ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɨɬ-