COAST LINE CHANGE DETECTION USING CORONA, SPOT and IRS 1D IMAGES B. Bayram a * , , H. Bayraktar a , C. Helvaci a , U. Acar b a Yıldız Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Department, 34349 Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey - ( bayram, hbayrak, chelvaci ) @yildiz.edu.tr b Ugur Harita Muh. Burosu, Alemdag Cad. No:210/1-B, Umraniye Istanbul, Turkey- acar_ugur@hotmail.com Commission VII, WG VII/3 KEY WORDS: Temporal, Change, Detection, Rectification, Registration, Camera ABSTRACT: In this paper, the Black Sea coast of European part of Istanbul was studied using Corona (1963) panoramic satellite photo, SPOT-4 PAN (1998) and IRS-1D PAN (2000) satellite images. The temporal coast line change of the study area was aimed to be designated. The change detection analysis was made for the period between 1963, 1998 and 2000. The results of the study can be used for protecting natural areas.Corona reconnaissance panoramic satellite photos were declassified at 1995 by USA for scientific purpose. Challenging features of Corona photos were studied in this study. The first and the most difficult step of the study is rectificating the images. Some geometric experiments were made with known distances and angles. Rubber sheeting method consigned the most significant results. Photogrammetric methods require the whole image to be evaluated. However, by the method mentioned above, the study carried out using only a part of the photo. During the rectification process, 1/5000 scaled orthophoto mosaic was used. After the rectification of all images, the coast line was manually digitized on Corona panoramic photo, SPOT-4 PAN and IRS-1D PAN images. Coast line change detection amount is calculated by subtracting 2000 dated data set from 1963 dated data set, 1998 dated data set from 1963 dated data set and 2000 dated data set from 1998 dated data set. Noteworthy changes were observed. * Corresponding author. 1. INTRODUCTION Istanbul is a very historic city with a unique land cover, vegetation and position including both Asian and European continents junction through the well-known Bosphorus. Most of the parts of the city are under the threat of rapid urbanization. In addition to this, some valuable land is used to supply the materials necessary for the construction business. Detailed precautions have to be taken for the protection of these priceless features. The meaning of coastal zone concept may be understood from its name. But, it is very hard to define the borders accurately neither at water body (generally sea) side nor at shore side. The definition of this border changes at different countries. The definition of Commission on Marine Sciences Engineering and Resources is; coastal zone covers generally the zone between the interaction borders of sea and land. The reason of changes occurred on coastal zones not only comes from human factor but natural factors such as storms and climate changes, which have influences on sea level, influence negatively especially the coastal zones which have low elevation (Maktav, D., Erbek, F. S., 2001). In this paper, the Black Sea coast of European part of Istanbul was studied using Corona (1963) panoramic satellite photo, SPOT-4 PAN(1998) and IRS-1D PAN (2000) satellite images. During the rectification process, 1/5000 scaled orthophoto mosaic was used. The change detection analysis was made for the period between 1963, 1998 and 2000. Noteworthy changes were observed. During the rectification stage rubber sheeting method was used. Rubber sheeting method consigned the most significant results. Photogrammetric methods require the whole image to be evaluated. However, by the method mentioned above, the study carried out using only a part of the photo. 2. MATERIALS and METHODS 2.1 Corona Cameras Throughout the past few years, it has been possible to obtain high-resolution imagery for official and local users. New imaging systems which have higher resolution and accuracy are on the way coming in use within next few years. However, using high-resolution imagery is not the case of recent years. Nearly 40 years ago at August 1960, USA succeeded in starting a satellite mission called CORONA. It was the first photo- reconnaissance satellite system of USA. This program went through many developments during its lifetime (its final mission was flown in 1972), but the entire effort was classified until 1995. (Lillesand, T. M, Kiefer, R. W. 2000). The series of Corona reconnaissance satellites provided coverage of the Soviet Union, China, and other areas from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. The declassified archive has a limited spatial coverage and much of it is severely affected by cloud cover (Donoghue, D.)