Basic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Review ISSN 2315-6880 Vol. 2(7) pp. 138-149 July 2013
Available online http//www.basicresearchjournals.org
Copyright ©2013 Basic Research Journal
Full Length Research Paper
Confronting the challanges and barriers to community
participation in rural development initiatives in Buhera
district, Ward 12 Zimbabwe
Ephraim Chifamba
Great Zimbabwe University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Rural Development
Author’s email: ephchifamba00@gmail.com
Accepted 20 July, 2013
Community participation in rural development is widely recognized as a basic operational principle of
rural development, although debates about this concept are fervent. Beneficiaries of community
projects have been seen as consumers of services, and their role in rural development has been
accorded less importance. Community participation has been limited to consultation, thereby stifling
the creative capabilities and potential of community members at all levels of the society. A descriptive
case study design was used to collect primary data in addition to secondary data. Questionnaires were
administered to participants selected through proportionate sampling to ensure representation and
stratification at all levels. Two hundred respondents were interviewed. The data collected was analyzed
numerically and descriptively and is presented in the sum of text and tables. The study revealed that
there is relatively low degree of community influence or control over organizations in which community
members participate, especially given that the services are usually controlled by people who are not
poor or recipients of services. Community members are usually going through an empty ritual of
participation; hence they have no real power needed to affect the outcome of rural development
process. The study noted that participatory rural development has no predetermined outcomes; it can
lead to transformation and change in the social patterns and sometimes it perpetuates and trigger the
antithesis of ‘community liberation,’ devolution and distribution of power among various stakeholders.
Thus, the form of participation in rural development initiatives in Buhera has transformed and modified
the relations of power that objectify and subjugate people, leaving them without a voice. The study
recommended that community participation should be centered on the role of the community as
primary actors who should be allowed and enabled to influence and share the responsibility (and
possibly costs) of rural development process.
Keywords: Community Participation, Rural Development, Decentralization, Sustainable Development,
Zimbabwe,
INTRODUCTION
Community participation is considered as an imperative
feature for successful and prosperity of rural
development. To better address the complexity of poverty
in rural areas, and to explore that programmes respond
to the needs of beneficiaries, participatory approaches
introduced in the 1970’s have become core components,
albeit with various development levels of success in
many rural poverty reduction programmes (Stoker, 1997).
These approaches recognize that the poor themselves
are the key agents of change for the transformation of
rural areas. Although most development agencies agree
on the importance of adopting a participatory approaches
in rural development initiatives, evidence suggest that
participation as a concept and as a methodology is quite
complex and its success depends on many interrelated
factors (Patel, 1998).
Local assessment of community participation in Buhera
suggests that most projects have not been successful in
enhancing participation. Projects have not managed to
supply even the minimum drinking water, food and fodder
needs of the inhabitants. Continued lack of meaningful
development in Buhera shows that participatory