23 Jurnal Anatomi Indonesia, Vol. 2 No. 1 Agustus 2007 Jurnal Anatomi Indonesia VOLUME 02 No. 1 Agustus 2007 Halaman 23-28 INTRODUCTION Some paleoanthropological findings in Indonesia has indicated there are two racial groups: Australomelanesoid and Mongoloid. It has been recognized that at the end of Late Pleistocene era, Australomelanesoid inhabited Southeast Asia and spreaded to eastern and southern part of Indonesia 1,2 . At the end of the Late Neolithic and Paleometallic period, the polarization of the racial became more apparent. The elements of Australomelanesoid were stronger in the east and the south of Indonesia. On the other hand, the elements of Mongoloid developed stronger in western and northern part of Indonesia. Based on some characteristics of paleoanthro- pological populations, it is indicated that the Mongoloid came from the mainland Asia and it pushed the Australomelanesoid to move to the most eastern Indonesia 3,4,5 . The aim of this study is to reconstruct the migration of the racial elements in Indonesia, include the process of mongoloidization, which can be rechearched through the patterns of migration of the racial elements of Indonesian populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials of this study are cranium samples. There are 41 cranium which have been taken from literatures (Table 1). We have also reobserved some collections, especially the cranium collection’s of Laboratorium of Bio-and Paleoanthropology, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Anthro- pology, Gadjah Mada University; and of Physical Anthropology section, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Airlangga Unversity. In these collections are included paleanthropological serie from Java, Bali, Lombok, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Lembata (Lomblen), Timor, Selayar, Sulawesi and Papua (Figure 2-10). The variables which would be analysed are the racial affinity and the antiquity. To determine racial affinity we used osteoscopy methods. Then, we compared the data of racial affinity with the data of antiquity based on the field reports. We put each sample on the map and analysed the pattern of migration of the Mongoloid and the Australo- melanesoid at that time to Indonesia based on the racial affinity and antiquity (Figure 1). Australomelanesoid in Indonesia: A swinging-like movement Toetik Koesbardiati 1 & Rusyad Adi Suriyanto 2 1. Department ofAnthropology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 2. Lab. Bioanthropology and Paleoanthropology, Department of Anatomy Embryology & Anthropology Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta ABSTRACT Background and objective: The aim of this study is to reconstruct the migration of the racial elements in Indonesia. Generally, it is accepted that there are two racial groups in Indonesia, Australomelanesoid and Mongoloid. Australomelanesoid occupied in Indonesia longer than Mongoloid. Australomelanesoid spreads from Southeast Asia to the eastern and southern part of Indonesia. Materials and methods: The variable used in this study are racial affinity and antiquity. We studied 41 cranium which is derived from many regions of Indonesia. Osteoscopy is used to determine the racial affinity and used field reports to determine antiquity. Results and conclusion: The results of this study has shown the pattern of migration that can be described as swinging-like pendulums movements. We assume which Australomelanesoid is the first inhabitant. They has spreaded and occupied in the east part of Indonesia. The first pendulum is Mongoloid which swings from Asian Mainland to Indonesia. The second pendulum is Australomelanesoid which hits the Mongoloid domination. The swing of Australomelanesoid came from eastern part of Indonesia. Another swinging of the first pendulum also came from the north of Indonesia. Keywords: Indonesia, Australomelanesoid, Mongoloid, migration, swinging movement