Journal of Forestry Research (2014) 25(1): 193-200
DOI 10.1007/s11676-014-0445-2
Assessment of soil erodibility and aggregate stability for different parts
of a forest road
Aidin Parsakhoo Majid Lotfalian Ataollah Kavian
Seyed Ataollah Hosseini
Received: 2012-06-13; Accepted: 2012-08-02
© Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract: We measured erodibility and mean weight diameter (MWD)
of soil aggregates in different parts of a forest road. Samples of topsoil
were collected from cutslope, fillslope, road surface and forest ground to
assess the texture, bulk density, moisture, CaCO
3
and organic matter. Soil
aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Soil erodibility on the
road surface was 2.3 and 1.3 times higher than on the fillslope and cutslope,
respectively. The forest soil had the lowest erodibility. Aggregate stability
of cutslope and road surface were low and very low, respectively. There
was a significant negative relationship between cutslope erodibility with
CaCO
3
and sand content. Cutslope erodibility increased with increasing
silt, clay and moisture content. On fillslopes, MWD increased with in-
creasing rock fragment cover, plant cover, litter cover, organic matter and
sand. There was a strong negative correlation between fillslope erodibility
and organic matter, sand and MWD. There was no significant difference
between erodibility of bare soil and soils beneath Rubus hyrcanus L. and
Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid.
Keywords: road prism, soil erodibility, aggregate stability, wet sieving,
Lat Talar forest
The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com
Aidin Parsakhoo ( )
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan Agricul-
tural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Golestan Province,
Gorgan, Iran.
E-mail: Aidinparsakhoo@yahoo.com
Majid Lotfalian Seyed Ataollah Hosseini
Associate Professors, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Re-
sources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University,
Sari, Iran.
Ataollah Kavian
Assistant Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of
Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Sari, Iran.
Corresponding editor: Yu Lei
Introduction
Mountain roads are the most prodigious source of sediment be-
cause of low stability of road aggregates and high erodibility in
some part of its prisms (Sidle et al. 2011). Aggregate stability of a
soil is the resistance of soil structure against mechanical or
physical-chemical destructive forces. Determining aggregate
stability will give information on the sensitivity of soils to water
and wind erosion, which might be prevented by revegetation
(Mandy et al. 2009). Revegetation of the road cutslopes and fill-
slopes increases soil aggregate stability by accelerating vegetation
development and by promoting soil formation processes such as
accumulation of fine soil particles, organic matter and
mycorrhizal propagules (Burri et al. 2009).
Aggregates can form by the breakdown of consolidated soil
mass into smaller sizes (Dvorak and Novak 1994). Soil aggregate
stability and size distribution vary widely over time and space
(Kusky 2008). Aggregate density affects soil erodibility to a lesser
extent but is much less variable than stability and size distribution
(Morgan 2005). Soil erodibility factors quantify the susceptibility
of soil detachment by water. These erodibility factors predict the
long-term average soil loss (Bryan 2000; Mbagwu 2003).
Road prisms including cutslopes, road surfaces and fillslopes
can be important contributors of sediment to streams in forested
watersheds. The road surface is the compacted area used to sup-
port traffic. The cutslope is created by excavation into the natural
hillslope, and it is steeper than the natural slope. The lack of
aggregate stability directly affects surface erosion rates in un-
protected soils of cutslopes (Clayton 1983). Fillslope is an un-
consolidated excavated material pushed to the slope below the
road; it is also steeper than the natural slope (Jordán-López et al.
2009). Previous works suggested that cutslopes are a significant
source of sediment and possibly the primary sites of erosion as a
result of logging operations (Megahan 1978; Riley 1988). Jordán
and Martínez-Zavala (2008) reported that the soil loss from the
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