Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10 (2): 129-138, 2011
ISSN 1680-5194
© Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011
Corresponding Author: Tariq Masud, Department of Food Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
129
Effect of Coatings and Packaging Material on the Keeping Quality of
Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) Stored at Low Temperature
Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi , Nuzba Anjum , Shehla Sammi , Tariq Masud and Sartaj Ali
1 1 1 1 2
Department of Food Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
1
Department of Food Agriculture and Chemical Technology, Karakoram International University,
2
Northern Areas, Gilgit, Pakistan
Abstract: In order to identify and compare the effects of different concentrations of coatings (Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose, CaCl2, Bee wax) and packaging (polyethylene sheet), on improving the keeping quality of
mangoes its storage performance was evaluated. Mangoes after harvesting were given hot water treatment
at 50±2 C for three minutes as quarantine measure against fungal attack. Then fruits were coated with three
o
different concentrations of CMC and CaCl2 along with bee wax coating and polyethylene sheet packaging.
All the treatments were applied in combination with KMnO4 soaked with sponge cubes used as ethylene
absorbents. Fruits were kept at refrigerated temperature for 80 days and evaluated for physico-chemical and
sensory changes at an interval of seven days. All coatings delayed fruit ripening and improved the keeping
quality of the produce but best results were exhibited by Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) at 2% level. It
extended storage life up to 77 days with appreciable retention of all the quality parameters.
Key words: Mango, coating materials, physico-chemical analysis
INTRODUCTION
Mango (Mangifera indica L) is a very delicious tropical
fruit belongs to family Anacardiaceae. It is an abundant
source of vitamins, minerals and is famous for its
excellent flavor, attractive fragrance and nutritional value.
It is as an emerging tropical export crop and is produced
in about 90 countries in the world with a production of
over 820,877MT. Pakistan is at 7 position among main
th
mango producing countries with production of 77,468
MT and export accounts for 9.4% of total world
production valued at $ 32.35 million (CSF, 2007). It is the
second major fruit crop in Pakistan with more than 200
varieties, amongst important leading commercial ones
are Chaunsa, Langra, Sindhri, Dusehri, Saroli, Fajri,
Anwar Retol, Bagan Pali, Gulab Khas, Neelum, Maldah,
Collector, etc. contributing major share in the economy
of the country (Amin and Hanif, 2002).
The magnitude of post harvest losses in fresh fruits and
vegetables is an estimated 5-25% in developed
countries and 20-40% in developing countries,
depending upon the commodity (FAO, 2001). Due to
improper handling, packaging, storage and poor post
harvest managements of fruits, producers and traders in
Pakistan face 20-30% losses of this perishable
commodity (Tahir et al., 2002) that corresponds to 320.7
thousand tons with a value of Rs 3.0 billion (Haq, 2002),
also contributing to low foreign exchange of $ 315 per
tones as compare to international price of $ 861 per
tones (PHDEB, 2007).
In recent years, coatings of some edible materials like
Lipid based coatings, polysaccharide based coatings,
protein based coatings, composite and bilayer coatings
etc. have been applied on the skin of different fruits in
order to reduce moisture loss, restrict oxygen entrance,
lower respiration, retard ethylene production and seal in
flavour volatiles (Baldwin et al., 1995). In addition to
these coatings applications the maintenance of cold
chain during the post harvest management of fruits is
very critical. These coatings are used to create modified
atmosphere and to reduce weight loss during transport
and storage by controlling the permeability and gaseous
exchange (Cuq et al., 1995). Previously such coatings
have long been used on citrus, apples, tomatoes and
cucumbers with excellent results but are less studied for
the use on mango (Baldwin et al., 1999). The use of
polysaccharides and protein based coating materials on
several types of fruits has been developed in past few
years that Include sucrose fatty acid esters on apricot
(Sumnu and Bayindirli, 1995) and bananas (Abbasi et
al., 2004), cellulose on mango (Baldwin et al., 1999),
edible coatings on strawberry (Del-Valle et al., 2005) and
corn protein in tomato (Park et al., 1994). The application
of reported coating material has also significantly
increased the shelf life of different varieties of citrus and
mangoes (Attia, 1995; Carrillo et al., 1995; Farooqi et al.,
1995; Manzano et al., 1997; Pal, 1998) respectively.
Pakistan is the leading mango exporting country in the
world (Sauco, 2004) with premium product harvested