Pragmatics and Society 3:2 (2012), 294–320. doi 10.1075/ps.3.2.08sid
issn 1878–9714 / e-issn 1878–9722 © John Benjamins Publishing Company
“Who knows best?”
Evidentiality and epistemic asymmetry in
conversation
Jack Sidnell
University of Toronto
his essay reviews current work in conversation analysis with an eye to what it
might contribute to the study of evidentiality and epistemic asymmetry. Ater a
brief review of some aspects of the interactional organization of conversation, I
turn to consider the way in which participants negotiate relative epistemic po-
sitioning through the use of particular practices of speaking. he analytic focus
here is on agreements and conirmations especially in assessment sequences. In
conclusion, I consider a single case in which various practices are employed to
convey a delicate balance of knowledge and simultaneously to attend to a range
of other, non-epistemic, interactional issues.
Keywords: Evidentiality, interaction, epistemic asymmetry, conversation
analysis, assessments, questions
Introduction
Recent work in conversation analysis has shown that, in designing their contri-
butions to some spate of talk, conversationalists take into account not only the
diferential distribution of knowledge among participants but also the diferential
distribution of rights and responsibilities to know (Heritage and Raymond 2005,
Raymond and Heritage 2006, Stivers 2005, Stivers et al. forthc., among others).
In what follows, I review some of that research, attempting to show how it might
be relevant to the study of evidentials and evidentiality by linguists. he literature
on evidentials indicates that all languages provide a range of resources that allow
speakers to convey various degrees of ‘doubt’ and ‘certainty’ via meanings relating
to source of knowledge.
1
As is well-known, some languages require a speciica-
tion of source of knowledge in many sentence-types as a requirement of general