ACM Reference Format Popescu, V., Rosen, P., Adamo-Villani, N. 2009. The Graph Camera. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 5, Article 158 (December 2009), 8 pages. DOI = 10.1145/1618452.1618504 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1618452.1618504. Copyright Notice Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of this work in other works requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Permissions may be requested from Publications Dept., ACM, Inc., 2 Penn Plaza, Suite 701, New York, NY 10121-0701, fax +1 (212) 869-0481, or permissions@acm.org. © 2009 ACM 0730-0301/2009/05-ART158 $10.00 DOI 10.1145/1618452.1618504 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1618452.1618504 The Graph Camera Voicu Popescu Purdue University popescu@cs.purdue.edu Paul Rosen Purdue University rosen@cs.purdue.edu Nicoletta Adamo-Villani Purdue University nadamovi@purdue.edu Figure 1 Enhanced virtual 3-D scene exploration. The graph camera image (top) samples longitudinally the current street segment as well as the 3 segments beyond the first intersections (bottom left). The 4 side streets are occluded in conventional images (bottom right). Figure 2 Single-image comprehensive visualization of real-world scenes. The graph camera image (left) seamlessly integrates 3 video feeds (right) and shows all 3 branches of the T corridor intersection. Abstract A conventional pinhole camera captures only a small fraction of a 3-D scene due to occlusions. We introduce the graph camera, a non-pinhole with rays that circumvent occluders to create a single layer image that shows simultaneously several regions of interest in a 3-D scene. The graph camera image exhibits good continuity and little redundancy. The graph camera model is literally a graph of tens of planar pinhole cameras. A fast projection operation allows rendering in feed-forward fashion, at interactive rates, which provides support for dynamic scenes. The graph camera is an infrastructure level tool with many applications. We explore the graph camera benefits in the contexts of virtual 3-D scene exploration and summarization, and in the context of real-world 3-D scene visualization. The graph camera allows integrating multiple video feeds seamlessly, which enables monitoring complex real-world spaces with a single image. CR Categories: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics] Picture/Image Generation—Viewing algorithms, I.4.m [Image Processing and Computer Vision] Miscellaneous. Keywords: camera models, non-pinholes, panoramas, image- based rendering, video integration, interactive rendering. ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 28, No. 5, Article 158, Publication date: December 2009.