Journal of Modern Physics, 2013, 4, 712-733
doi:10.4236/jmp.2013.46098 Published Online June 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmp)
Introducing the Paraquantum Equations and Applications
João Inácio Da Silva Filho
1,2
1
Santa Cecília University, Group of Applied Paraconsistent Logic, Santos-SP, Brazil
2
Institute for Advanced Studies of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
Email: inacio@unisanta.br
Received February 21, 2013; revised April 13, 2013; accepted May 13, 2013
Copyright © 2013 João Inácio Da Silva Filho. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present an equationing method based on non-classical logics applied to resolution of problems which
involves phenomena of physical science. A non-classical logic denominated of the Paraquantum Logic (PQL), which is
based on the fundamental concepts of the Paraconsistent Annotated logic with annotation of two values (PAL2v), is
used. The formalizations of the PQL concepts, which are represented by a lattice with four vertices, lead us to consider
Paraquantum logical states ψ which are propagated by means of variations of the evidence Degrees extracted from
measurements performed on the Observable Variables of the physical world. The studies on the lattice of PQL give us
equations that quantify values of physical largenesses from where we obtain the effects of the propagation of the
Paraquantum logical states ψ. The PQL lattice with such features can be extensively studied and we obtain a Paraquan-
tum Logical Model with the capacity of contraction or expansion which can represent any physical universe. In this
paper the Paraquantum Logical Model is applied to the Newton Laws where we obtain equations and verify the action
of an expansion factor the PQL lattice called Paraquantum Gamma Factor γ
Pψ
and its correlation with another important
factor called Paraquantum Factor of quantization h
ψ
. We present numerical examples applied to real physical systems
through the equations which deal with paraquantum physical largenesses and how these values are transmitted to the
physical world. With the results of these studies we can verify that the Paraquantum Logical Model has the property of
interconnect several fields of the Physical Science.
Keywords: Paraconsistent Logic; Paraquantum Logic; Classical Physic; Relativity Theory; Quantum Mechanics
1. Introduction
The science that we used to study nature is the Physics
and has their main concepts based on laws of the classic
logic [1]. In some cases, mainly in conditions limits, the
classic logic is inoperative due to their binary fundamen-
tal laws. Those fundamental binary concepts of the clas-
sic logic generate incapacity of treating situations in the
real world, as the ones that they bring contradiction and
uncertainties [2]. The conception of physical system
models that are more efficient to respond to analysis in
extreme conditions becomes necessary when we verify
inconsistencies in results obtained from models which
represent the same natural phenomenon but belong to
different areas of physics [3]. In [4,5] we presented a
model based on the concepts of non-classical logics
called Paraconsistent Logic where the main feature is the
abolishment of the principle of non-contradiction. Its
theoretical structure is able to deal contradictory signals
with valid conclusions [3,5], so that these are not an-
nulled because of the information conflicts.
The proposed Paraconsistent models to solve questions
related to physical phenomena are based on a non-clas-
sical logics called Paraconsistent Annotated Logic with
annotation of two values (PAL2v) [3,4,6]. Later in re-
searches based on models of PAL2v we verified that the
applications of its concepts offered results which could
be identified with the ones found in the modeling of
phenomena studied in quantum mechanics [4,7,8]. An
overview of the theoretical foundations of the Paracon-
sistent logics is presented in [3,5,6,9-11].
1.1. The Paraquantum Logic (PQL)
Based on the previous considerations about the PAL2v
[3,4] and in [12,13], we present the foundations of the
Paraquantum Logics-PQL as follows:
A Paraquantum logical state ψ is created on the lattice
of the PQL as the tuple formed by the certainty degree D
C
and the contradiction degree D
ct
. Both values depend on
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