Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7, 824–826 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01716.x
© 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
No claim to original US goverment works
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
PRIMER NOTE
Ten microsatellite loci from Zamia integrifolia (Zamiaceae)
ALAN W. MEEROW* and KYOKO NAKAMURA
USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, Florida 33158, USA
Abstract
Ten microsatellite loci isolated from Zamia integrifolia are described. All 10 are polymorphic,
with three to 10 alleles across 36 members of a single population from South Florida.
Heterozygosities ranged from 0.139 to 0.889. Two loci depart significantly from Hardy–
Weinberg equilibrium, and exhibit heterozygote deficiency. One locus pair exhibits
significant linkage disequilibrium. The primers have also successfully amplified loci from
Zamia portoricensis and Zamia ambliphyllidia. These loci will be utilized for population
studies in the Caribbean Zamia pumila complex.
Keywords: coontie, cycad, microsatellite, population genetics, simple sequence repeat, Zamia
Received 17 November 2006; revision accepted 8 January 2007
The Zamia pumila (Zamiaceae) complex is a monophyletic
and diploid (2n = 16) assemblage of cycad populations
restricted to the West Indies and the southeastern United
States, currently considered to comprise nine species
(Stevenson 1987a,b; Sabato 1990; Géigel 2003). Zamia
integrifolia is found from extreme southeastern Georgia
southward through peninsular Florida (including the
Florida Keys), sporadically in the Bahamas, and in coastal
areas of north central Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and
south central Puerto Rico (Stevenson 1991).
We isolated microsatellite loci from a population of
Z. integrifolia located on the grounds of the Montgomery
Botanical Center, Miami, Florida, using a modification
of the enrichment method of simple sequence repeat
(SSR) marker development of Edwards et al . (1996). Genomic
DNA was restricted, ligated to adaptors and amplified
with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The products were
hybridized twice with biotin-labelled synthetic SSRs
and isolated using streptavidin-coated beads (Dynal) in
conjunction with a Dynal Magnetic Particle Concentrator.
The eluted fragments were size-separated using Sepharose
CL-4B SizeSeptember 400 Spun Columns (Amersham
Pharmacia Biotech), amplified and cloned (using phage
and plasmid vectors with M13 priming sites), and the clones
screened by sequencing. Reverse sequences were obtained
for those containing a repeat, and primers were designed
from the flanking regions of the consensus sequence using
the Prime module of the Wisconsin Package version 10.2
for UNIX (Genetics Computer Group). If successful and
polymorphic, a fluorescently labelled forward primer was
obtained. The 10 primer pairs (Table 1) were tested across
a sample from a wild population located on our location
in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Differences in allele size
were detected on an ABI 3730 Genetic Analyser (Applied
Biosystems) using capillary gel electrophoresis with
genescan ROX-500 size standard (Applied Biosystems).
PCR mix for all primers was 1 × buffer (with 15 m m MgCl
2
),
200 μ m dNTPs, 250 n m each forward and reverse primer,
0.25 U Taq DNA polymerase (New England Biolabs), 10 ng
genomic DNA template and nuclease-free distilled water
to a total volume of 10 μ L. We used the following PCR
program on an ABI 9700 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems),
adjusting annealing temperature and number of cycles as
indicated (Table 1): 2 min at 94 ° C, 35 or 38 cycles of (30 s at
94 ° C, 1 min at 58–67 ° C, 1 min at 72 ° C), 10 min at 72 ° C
and 4 ° C storage. Preliminary analysis of raw microsatellite
data was performed using genemapper 3.5 (Applied
Biosystems). Descriptive statistics (Table 1) were generated
with genalex 6 (Peakall & Smouse 2006). Tests for null
alleles were conducted with microchecker (Oosterhout
et al . 2004). Tests for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE),
the exact test of probability (Haldane 1954; Weir 1990; Guo
& Thompson 1992), and the U -test (Rousset & Raymond
1995) for heterozygote excess or deficiency, as well as link-
age disequilibrium were run with genepop 3.4 (Raymond
& Rousset 1995).
Correspondence: Alan W. Meerow, Fax: (305) 969-6410; E-mail:
ameerow@saa.ars.usda.gov