Research Article
Supporting Accessibility for Blind
and Vision-impaired People With a
Localized Gazetteer and Open Source
Geotechnology
Matthew T. Rice
Department of Geography and
Geoinformation Science
George Mason University
Ahmad O. Aburizaiza
Department of Geography and
Geoinformation Science
George Mason University
R. Daniel Jacobson
Department of Geography
University of Calgary
Brandon M. Shore
Department of Geography and
Geoinformation Science
George Mason University
Fabiana I. Paez
Department of Geography and
Geoinformation Science
George Mason University
Abstract
Disabled people, especially the blind and vision-impaired, are challenged by many
transitory hazards in urban environments such as construction barricades, tempo-
rary fencing across walkways, and obstacles along curbs. These hazards present a
problem for navigation, because they typically appear in an unplanned manner and
are seldom included in databases used for accessibility mapping. Tactile maps are a
traditional tool used by blind and vision-impaired people for navigation through
urban environments, but such maps are not automatically updated with transitory
hazards. As an alternative approach to static content on tactile maps, we use
volunteered geographic information (VGI) and an Open Source system to provide
updates of local infrastructure. These VGI updates, contributed via voice, text
message, and e-mail, use geographic descriptions containing place names to describe
Address for correspondence: Matthew T. Rice, Department of Geography and GeoInformation
Science, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA.
E-mail: rice@gmu.edu
Transactions in GIS, 2012, 16(2): 177–190
© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01318.x