1 Introduction Dental Caries is the most prevalent dental afliction of childhood. Despite credible scientiic advances and the fact that caries is preventable, the disease continues to be a major public health problem. In the developing countries changing life-styles and dietary patterns are markedly increasing the caries incidence. Growing children need proper guidance for healthy growth, upkeep and hygiene of their teeth. Millions of people throughout the world have lost their teeth due to caries [1,2]. Republic of Macedonia with its 25.441 square kilometers takes the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. The whole territory of the Republic of Macedonia consists of 8 non- administrative units-statistical regions, 84 municipalities as administrative units and of 1 776 settlements. The Republic of Macedonia is a developing country undergoing many political and economic changes in an effort to become a member of the European Union. In Macedonia, there is a National Caries Preventive Program which starts to be implemented in 2007 by 142 calibrated paedodontists according to the standards of the WHO, who, after the privatization of the dental sector, continued to work in the frame of public health. Except sealing, they have obligation to make other primary preventive measures according to the National Strategy of Prevention of Oral Diseases in children at age 0-14 in the Republic of Macedonia [3]. The East Region (Figure 1) is mainly a mountainous region and comprises the extreme east of the Republic of Macedonia. It spreads along the Bregalnica River, over the basins of Shtip, Maleshevo and Pijanec and the ield of Kochani. The region comprises 14.2% of the total area of the Republic of Macedonia, with 8.7% of the total population in 2011, and it is one of the least densely populated regions with 50.7 citizens per km 2 . The natural, geographical, climate and hydrological characteristics give the potential for production of rice, especially in the Kochani Field, which is well renowned for its rice. The basins of Pijanec and Maleshevo are favorable for growing fruits and vegetables. Due to the speciic geological characteristics of mountain ranges, the region has a developed lead and zinc mining industry. Another important industry is the textile industry and a large number of textile manufacturing plants are located in this region. The mountainous terrains in the region have great potential for development of winter and alternative tourism even though they are still in the early stages of development [4]. Dental Caries Experience among Primary School Children in the Eastern Region of the Republic of Macedonia Vesna Ambarkova 1 , Veselinka Ivanova 2 1 MSc, DDS, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University St. Cyril and Methodius, Vodnjanska 17, University Dental Clinic Center, Sv. Pantelejmon Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia. 2 DDS, PHO Health Center, Goce Delčev -Delčevo (2320, St: Metodi Mitevski Brico 44, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries experience among primary school children (sixth and seventh grades) in Eastern Region of the Republic of Macedonia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, primary school children from sixth and seventh grades (N=396) were selected from 9 Central and 13 Regional Primary Schools. Participants dental status was evaluated using the 1997 World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for Decayed, Missing or Filled Teeth (DMFT) by 2 calibrated examiners. Results: The total number of children in the sample was 396, comprising 201 (50.8%) females and 195 (49.2%) males. The mean DMFT was 3.467, with standard deviation (SD) of 2.904 and 95% conidence interval (CI) of 3.180-3.754. Signiicant caries (SiC) index was 6.765. The prevalence of caries-free children was 21.21%. The percentage of untreated caries or the ration of D/DMFT was 0.5324 (53.24%). Conclusions: Dental caries experience was seen to be high among primary school children (sixth and seventh grades) in Eastern Region of the Republic of Macedonia. Key Words: Caries, Caries prevalence, DMFT index, Macedonia Corresponding author: Vesna Ambarkova, PhD-Candidate, MSc, DDS, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University St. Cyril and Methodius, Vodnjanska 17, University Dental Clinic Center, Sv. Pantelejmon Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia, Tel: +38970686333; e-mail: ambveki@yahoo.com Figure 1: Eastern Region of the Republic of Macedonia.