I nternational Journal of EmergingTrends& Technology in Computer Science (I JETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 5, September – October 2013 ISSN 2278-6856 Volume 2, I ssue 5 September – October 2013 Page 51 Abstract: From the beginning of modern governance and structured commerce, both public and private service agencies across the country typically require proof of identity before providing services to individuals. In this paper the problems that arise when governments turn to e-governance and use identity management to provide online services are discussed. Keywords: E-Governance, Identity Management, Internet Security, Privacy 1 INTRODUCTION Around the world, Governments are strengthening their Identity management Systems. One of the reasons is to use the online environment to deliver and improve services; another is the increase in criminal activities in like spoofing and phishing. Governments are also concerned about terrorism, including the use of money laundering to finance it. This paper deals with the issues that arise when governments turn to e-government to provide online services. Government approach to Identity Management should take into account the cultural backgrounds. Social policy can be as important as technology in determining the approach to Identity Management. Identity Management can be described as the policies, rules and processes and systems involved in ensuring that only known, authorized identities gain access to networks and systems and the information contained therein.[11]. 2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE IDENTITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The people who use Identity Management Systems (IDM) may think that there is not much difference between Government and private IDMs because of the increased partnerships and cooperation between government and private sectors. However there are some key differences in the approaches to IDMs in both the sectors. 1. : The first difference is that government must look into broader issues like social inclusion, consistency and interoperability. A private company might target a particular segment but the government programs must serve the entire population that includes a large range in terms of age, language, technical, physical and mental abilities. 2. The second difference is that even in democratic structure, Government has the power of legal compulsion. The citizens have a little choice if they don’t like the way they receive an essential service or how they are required to interact with the government. Their main way to respond is through general elections held every five years which is a very limited form of marketplace test. This is why citizens find it difficult to accept government initiated IDMs like AADHAR .The people also expect stringent accountabilities or greater transparency about security and privacy. 3. The key reason for having a strong IDM system is convenient, efficient and accountable online service delivery. Other reasons include law enforcement and national security where accurate tracking a person or linking information about them to help them in their investigations. This difference in the goals presents another challenge to Governments when they attempt to apply one IDM system to more than one use. Rather than try to meet all policy goals with one solution. Government might need several IDM solutions. 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE IDENTITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS In the online world large amount of information is collected and interconnected as compared to offline mode. This benefits the government and the citizens but it creates several risks that did not exist in paper based systems. For example, governments can track and monitor citizens’ behavior and use this information which may result in discrimination or inaccurate presumptions that could be damaging and difficult to correct. In commercial market, citizens have the option to walk away from a service if they feel that the risk of using a particular IDM system is high but they don’t have an option about in the case of IDM in Government systems. Therefore it becomes the responsibility of the government to ensure the security and privacy of the citizens using the IDM systems of the government. In E-governance the accountabilities and responsibilities are not clear; this makes it difficult for the citizens to receive compensation. For example if a government online portal provides single sign on (SSO) services for Identity Management in E-Governance Aparajita Pandey 1 , Dr. Jatinderkumar R. Saini 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, BIT(MESRA), Jaipur Campus, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Associate Professor & I/C Director, Narmada College of Computer Application, Bharuch, Gujarat, India