© 2014, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 813 Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Study on Improving Coverage Area by Cell Splitting and Cell Sectoring Method in Cellular System Abhinav Kumar Vinay Verma Asst Prof, MIET Jodhpur & RTU Kota ECE, B.tech Student, MIET Jodhpur & RTU Kota India India Abstract — In GSM system the main problem is coverage area because of GSM user increases, day by day. The traffic on a network system also increases, which causes congestion of allocated spectrum as well as the problem of inefficient coverage area. Hence, for enhancement of efficient coverage we can use Cell Splitting and Cell Sectoring technique. This report presents a comparative study on Cell splitting and Sectoring, so we can find an efficient method for improved channel capacity. Keywords— cell splitting, D/R ratio, Frequency Reuse, Handoff I. INTRODUCTION This GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. GSM is a cellular network, which means that cell phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. The cellular concept is a system-level idea which calls for replacing a single, high power transmitter (large cell) with many low power transmitter (small cells) each providing a coverage to only a small portion of the service area. A cell is nothing but a basic geographical unit of cellular system. Cells are base stations transmitting over small geographic areas that are represented as hexagons. Each cell size varies depending on the landscape. Because of constraints imposed by natural terrain and man-made structures, the true shape of cells is not a perfect hexagon [1] [15]. For an example, let us assume any antenna is placed as a transmitter then its coverage area be represented by a cell as shown below in figure. Figure 1.1:- Representation of a transmitter’s Cell II. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELL An There are five different cell sizes in a cellular network- Macro, Micro, Pico, Femto and Umbrella cells. The Coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment [3] [14]. Macro Cells: Macro cells can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a building above average rooftop level. Micro Cells : Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average rooftop level; they are typically used in urban areas. Pico Cells : Pico cells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen meters; they are mainly used indoors Femto Cells : Femto cells are cells designed for use in residential or small business environments and connect to the service provider’s network via a broadband internet connection. Umbrella Cells : Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells. Figure 1.2: Representation of cells according to their size