295
The Geological Society of America
Field Guide 10
2008
Plants, fish, turtles, and insects from the Morrison Formation:
A Late Jurassic ecosystem near Cañon City, Colorado
Mark A. Gorman II*
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0399, USA
Ian M. Miller
Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, Colorado 80205, USA
Jason D. Pardo
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0334, USA
Bryan J. Small
Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, Colorado 80205, USA
ABSTRACT
The Morrison Formation is a laterally extensive terrestrial deposit representing
an ecologically diverse assemblage of paleoenvironments from the Late Jurassic of
western North America. Although the Morrison Formation has recently been inter-
preted as a semiarid lowland savannah on the basis of geological and paleobiological
indicators, many microenvironments within this system are more consistent with new
interpretations of the Morrison as a ground-water dominated “wetland” deposit. Here
we report new fossils from a little-studied exposure of the Morrison Formation in and
around Temple Canyon Park near Cañon City, Colorado. The Temple Canyon section
shows a relatively thin sequence of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and
limestone beds representing alluvial to fluvial and possibly lacustrine deposition. The
section rests on Precambrian basement and is unconformably overlain by the Lower
Cretaceous Lytle Formation. The mudstone and limestone beds preserve an abundant
fossil flora and fauna distinct from those previously described from the Morrison
Formation. The floral assemblage includes species of algae, bryophytes, ferns, gink-
gophytes, horsetails, cycads, bennettites, and conifers; together these plants indicate
a warm climate with abundant local water supply. The faunal assemblage contains
ostracodes, conchostracans, traces of aquatic insect larvae, a terrestrial insect body
fossil, prosobranch and pulmonate gastropods, many species of fish, a possible frog,
and rare turtle remains. The presence of prosobranch gastropods, fish, and aquatic
insect larvae suggests a perennial water body with high oxygen content, while the
presence of conchostracans and pulmonate gastropods may indicate some fluctuation
in water quality.
Keywords: Morrison Formation, Jurassic, Cañon City, Colorado, paleoecology.
*Mark.Gorman@colorado.edu
Gorman, M.A., II, Miller, I.M., Pardo, J.D., and Small, B.J., 2008, Plants, fish, turtles, and insects from the Morrison Formation: A Late Jurassic ecosystem near
Cañon City, Colorado, in Raynolds, R.G., ed., Roaming the Rocky Mountains and Environs: Geological Field Trips: Geological Society of America Field Guide 10,
p. 295–310, doi: 10.1130/2008.fld010(15). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2008 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.