The Communication Review, 9: 63–84, 2006
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN 1071-4421 print / 1547-7487 online
DOI: 10.1080/10714420500500943
GCRV 1071-4421 1547-7487 The Communication Review, Vol. 09, No. 01, December 2005: pp. 0–0 The Communication Review
CAN YOU REPEAT THAT? PATTERNS OF MEDIA
OWNERSHIP AND THE “REPURPOSING” TREND
Can You Repeat That? C. Chris
Cynthia Chris
College of Staten Island, City University of New York
The article examines shifting patterns of ownership for cable program-
ming services from 1994 to 2003. In these years, vertical integration in
the cable industry declined, as cable’s multi-system operators divested
equity in programming services. Meanwhile, broadcast network-owning
media conglomerates invested heavily in cable, tripling their holdings
among the top 20 most fully distributed cable channels, as well as
launching and acquiring dozens of additional, less widely distributed
channels. In light of the Federal Communications Commissions’ recent
attempts to revise rules regarding television ownership, the author
argues that while vertical integration has declined, the market power of
the broadcast networks has grown by means of a new kind of horizontal
integration that reaches across broadcast and cable channels. This shift
is reshaping cable as a market which, despite growing product differenti-
ation, is trending toward less competitive conditions that are akin to the
broadcast oligopoly. This article shows that these broadcast-cable alli-
ances contributed to the development of the new synergistic practice of
repurposing.
Media consolidation has long attracted the attention of media industry
observers, including scholars, journalists, policymakers, economists, spe-
cial interest groups, and activists. Recent evidence suggests that media
consumers are also concerned about the ongoing growth of the few largest
media corporations, and federal regulators’ amenability toward their
growth: the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) received an
The author thanks Susan G. Davis, Anthony Freitas, Robert Horwitz, Pauline Kennedy,
and Ellen Seiter, as well as the editors of The Communication Review and two anonymous
reviewers, for thoughtful comments on this essay.
Address correspondence to Cynthia Chris, Department of Media Culture, College of Staten
Island/CUNY, 2800 Victory Boulevard, 1P-226, Staten Island, NY 10314. E-mail:
chris@mail.csi.cuny.edu