Learning and Motivation 36 (2005) 177–189 www.elsevier.com/locate/l&m 0023-9690/$ - see front matter  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2005.02.009 Discrimination of what, when, and where: Implications for episodic-like memory in rats  Stephanie J. Babb, Jonathon D. Crystal ¤ University of Georgia, Department of Psychology, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA Received 28 February 2005 Available online 7 April 2005 Abstract We investigated the discrimination of what, when, and where in rats (n D 5) using an eight- arm radial maze. Rats received daily training consisting of forced-choice visits to four baited arms, one of which was randomly chosen each day to contain chocolate (Phase 1). In Phase 2, all eight arms were available. After a short (30 min) retention interval (RI), the four arms that were not available in Phase 1 provided food. After a long (4 h) RI, the four remaining arms plus the arm containing chocolate provided food (i.e., the chocolate arm replenished). The rats visited the chocolate location after the long RI more than after the short RI. Next, chocolate was paired with lithium chloride, and subsequent testing used the long RI. The rats visited the chocolate location less after the taste-aversion manipulation than in previous training, demon- strating knowledge of what, when, and where. Implications for episodic-like memory are discussed.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: What–when–where; Episodic memory; Episodic-like memory  This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants MH61618 and MH64799. This research was completed in partial fulWllment of a doctoral degree to S.J.B. at the University of Geor- gia. We thank Kenneth W. Maxwell for assistance and Rich Marsh for advice on the manuscript. The raw data are available at www.uga.edu/animal-cognition-lab. * Corresponding author. Fax: +1 706 542 3275. E-mail addresses: sbabb@uga.edu (S.J. Babb), jcrystal@uga.edu (J.D. Crystal).