The Nile Delta as a centre of cultural interactions between Upper Egypt and the Southern Levant in the 4 th millennium BC Studies in African Archaeology 13 For centuries beer was for Egyptians the most common and basic of comestible. The oldest record where beer was mentioned is the list of the grave goods offered to Secherchabau in the stele from his tomb at Sakkara dated for the Third Dynasty (Murray 1905: 2-4, pl. 1). Since then beer has being constantly listed among grave offerings just next to bread. Together with bread it was a form of payment for public workers and soldiers. The oldest known brewery, till present, is located at Hierakonpolis HK24A and is linked to the Naqada culture (Geller 1992: 23) but considering the Lower Egyptian culture, the only brewery from this period is up to now known from the Tell el-Farkha site (Fig. 1; ChłodniCki & CiałowiCz 2005: 134). The occupation of the Western Kom of Tell el-Farkha is surely conirmed from the Lower Egyptian culture (Naqada IIB) until the First Dynasty. The oldest stratum on the Western Kom shows traces of a simple habitation area which quickly transformed for industrial purposes. In this place a sequence of at least ive breweries was detected (ChłodniCki & CiałowiCz 2005: 132-134; 2007: 145-146; CiałowiCz 2012a: 149). The irst uncovered phase of the brewery was the very badly destroyed by the overlaying layers structure 201A. During its examination only approximately size (2 by 1.5m) and shape were recognized (CiChowski 2008: 39). It seems to consist of 2 rows of joined vats. This phase was dated on Naqada IIB period and it’s probably the early stage of the structure W200 (CiałowiCz 2012a: 151). In the next layer the structure W201 appears. This phase was only in a slightly better condition and measured about 6 by 3.4m. It’s oriented on the same north-west and south-east axis as previously described structure W201A. At this structure two examples of vats were found in situ. This allowed to recognize a method of circular seats construction. Each of them consists of at least two rows of diagonally arranged D-shaped bricks better known as ire-dogs (CiChowski 2008: 38). Brewing technology in early egypt. invention of Upper or lower egyptians? Bartosz adamski & karolina rosińska-Balik Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland