The “Deliberative Digital Divide:” Opinion Leadership and
Integrative Complexity in the U.S. Political Blogosphere
Jennifer Brundidge
University of Texas at Austin
Scott A. Reid
University of California, Santa Barbara
Sujin Choi
Kookmin University
Ashley Muddiman
University of Wyoming
This study examined the association between political ideology and linguistic indicators of integrative com-
plexity and opinion leadership in U.S. political blog posts (N = 519). Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count
(LIWC) text analysis, we found that the posts of conservative bloggers were more integratively simple than those
of liberal bloggers. Furthermore, in support of a proposed opinion leadership model of integrative complexity,
the relationship between ideology and integrative complexity was mediated by psychological distancing (an
indicator of a hierarchical communication style). These findings demonstrate an ideological divide in the extent
to which the blogosphere reflects deliberative democratic ideals.
KEY WORDS: integrative complexity, opinion leadership, blogs, LIWC, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count, ideology, politi-
cal, internet, deliberative democracy
Ideologically aligned blogs have become a prominent political force in the U.S. media
landscape—a development welcomed more by some than others. Some observers see the interactive,
personal, and opinionated style of news displayed in blogs as more transparent and egalitarian than
that found in “traditional” news (Robinson, 2006; Wall, 2005). By allowing citizens “to see the
journalist as a human being, connecting with them without [a] stiff, imperial voice” (Pohlig, 2003,
p. 25), bloggers are unlike the “mass media elite” and more akin to “opinion leaders” in the arena of
public affairs (Campus, 2012; Katz & Lazarsfeld, 1955/2006).
Less sanguine observers note the propensity of blog content toward “hyperbolic outrage”
(Sobieraj & Berry, 2011) and ideological extremes (Bennett & Iyengar, 2008; Stroud, 2010; 2011).
Furthermore, partisan selective exposure combined with the intra-ideological linking structure of
political blogs (Adamic & Glance, 2005) results in a polarized media environment (e.g., Baum &
Groeling, 2008; Bennett & Iyengar, 2008; Stroud, 2010, 2011; Sunstein, 2001, 2008). This state of
affairs may undermine the achievement of rational consensus and a “public sphere,” both of which
Political Psychology, Vol. xx, No. xx, 2014
doi: 10.1111/pops.12201
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0162-895X © 2014 International Society of Political Psychology
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