Water Resour Manage (2010) 24:1353–1362
DOI 10.1007/s11269-009-9502-6
Performance of Low Energy Water Application Device
Atul Kumar Singh · S. P. Sharma · A. Upadhyaya ·
A. Rahman · A. K. Sikka
Received: 1 October 2008 / Accepted: 31 August 2009 /
Published online: 17 September 2009
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
Abstract Considering the overall farming situation in developing countries partic-
ularly India it has been observed that the available options of efficient irrigation
technologies are unable to cover up small and marginal farm holders due to lack
of the applicability and acceptability in terms of their needs, priorities and financial
capabilities. This makes imperative to develop a substitute of existing technologies
that could be cheap simple and less capital intensive as well as applicable for small
farms. This paper discusses the performances of a low cost water and energy efficient
device called LEWA which can be used in place of overhead impact sprinklers to
irrigate field and row crops efficiently at small farms. LEWA can be operated at
an operating pressure range 39 to 98 kPa at its nozzle head, with discharge rate
0.87–1.10 m
3
/h, and throw diameter 6–8 m. Since operating pressure at the nozzle
head governs overall system pressure and reflects the total cost of the system, size of
prime mover pump required and its operational cost; therefore the developed device
holds greater promise in development of a cost effective water and energy efficient
pressurized irrigation system for small and marginal farmers possessing small and
fragmented land.
Keywords Small farm · Water and energy saving ·
Low energy water application device
A. K. Singh (B ) · A. Upadhyaya · A. Rahman
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region,
ICAR Parisar, P.O. B.V. College 800014, Bihar, India
e-mail: atulsinghk@yahoo.com
S. P. Sharma
Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow, UP, India
e-mail: spsmiet@rediffmail.com
A. K. Sikka
National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India
e-mail: aloksikka@yahoo.co.in