H.J Shanthi et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.3 Issue.5, May- 2014, pg. 251-256 © 2014, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 251 Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320–088X IJCSMC, Vol. 3, Issue. 5, May 2014, pg.251 – 256 RESEARCH ARTICLE Confronts and Applications in Marine Sensor Networks H.J Shanthi 1 , E.A Mary Anita 2 1 Research Scholar, AMET University, Chennai 2 Professor, S.A.Engineering College, Chennai shanthi_harold@yahoo.co.in Abstract Most of the researches of sensor network work on terrain but there is lot of scope in transforming communications in underwater. The marine environment is heterogeneous and vast in both surface area and volume. The sensors equipped in oceans help in gathering of scientific data, monitoring disasters and pollution. The protocols developed face multiple challenges limited processing capability and memory, power conservation, marine fowling of equipment, communication difficulties and limited accessibility of updating sensors. The cost of deploying underwater sensor is high when compared to other regions. This makes deployment in underwater very challenging. This paper seek to identify the key issues and application aspects faced in marine based communication of sensor network platform, which are not much highlighted or emphasized in underwater survey. 1. Introduction Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have little or no infrastructure. It consists of a number of sensor nodes working together to monitor a region to obtain data about the environment. There are two types of WSNs: structured and unstructured. An unstructured WSN is one that contains a dense collection of sensor nodes. Sensor nodes may be installed in an ad hoc manner into the underwater. Once installed, the network is left unattended to perform monitoring and reporting functions. The network maintenance in managing connectivity and detecting failures is difficult since there are so many nodes. The Structured network has fewer nodes deployed in pre-planned manner. They have lower network maintenance and low cost. They are planned in such manner that no region is left uncovered. The wireless Sensor technology is with unlimited numerous application area including environmental, medical, military, transportation, crisis management defense. Autonomous underwater vehicles are used for exploration and gather data from sensor nodes. When compared to a dense deployment of sensor nodes in a terrestrial WSN, a sparse deployment of sensor nodes is placed