Adebayo Olufemi Ojo et al./ Elixir Geoscience 43 (2012) 6982-6986 6982
Introduction
The Niger Delta Basin is the most prominent sedimentary
basin on the continental margin of the Gulf of Guinea; it is also
the most prolific in terms of oil and gas. This petroliferous
nature has made it, for many years, the subject of continuous,
consistent and extensive geologic investigations both for
academic and economic purposes. Of recent, there has being a
growing concern among the petroleum explorationists working
in the basin that the oil exploration effort no longer yields
expected results (Ojo
1
) which has given rise to new challenges.
One of such challenges is the need to revisit the geology of the
basin. This requires the employment of various geological
disciplines such as palynostratigraphy. Palynomorphs are
ubiquitously present in sedimentary rocks of all ages from
Archaean (ca. 3.8 billion years ago) to Recent, they are being
used as sensitive indicators of the process of sedimentation, the
direction of current, the source and age of sediments in many
parts of the world (Sowunmi
2
; Poumot
3
; Eisawi and Schrank
4
).
Since less than ten percent of the work so far on microfossils in
the basin are on palynological studies (Adebayo
5
), hence, this
work is to identify as much as possible the characteristic
palynological assemblage of the sediments in the studied wells
and use it to refine the biostratigraphic zones in the basin.
Geological Setting of the Niger Delta Basin
The basin is situated in the Gulf of Guinea, on the West
African continental margin (Fig. 1). It extends throughout what
Klett et al.
6
defined as the Niger Delta Province. The basin
contains Upper Cretaceous to Recent marine to fluvial deposits
overlying oceanic crust and fragments of the African continental
crust (Doust and Omatsola
7
; Kostenko et al.
8
). The Delta began
developing in the Eocene. From the Eocene to the present, the
delta has prograded southwestward forming depobelts, each
depobelt represent the most active portion of the delta at each
stage of development (Doust and Omatsola
7
). The sedimentary
sequence in the Tertiary basin consists in ascending order of
three diachronous formations, namely: Akata (marine beds),
Agbada (transitional sand-shale beds) and Benin (continental
sediments) formations (Short and Stauble
9
).
Fig. 1 Sedimentary Basins in Nigeria Showing the Niger
Delta Basin and well location (Modified from Whiteman
10
;
Benkhelil
11
).
Materials and Method of Study
Twenty five shaly samples taken at 60 ft interval from
CHEV-1 well (3130-6031ft) in the offshore section of the
western Niger Delta, Nigeria were subjected to palynological
treatment. Standard maceration technique (Faegri and
Inversen
12
, Wood et al.
13
) was followed in the preparation of
these samples. Samples were treated with HF and HCl to remove
calcareous and siliceous materials respectively; heavy liquid
separation using zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid solution
(specific gravity 2.0) and finally acetolysis to dissolve cellulose
for easy identification of palynomorphs. Minor modifications
such as varying the percentage of hydrochloric acid (30-36%)
used, staining of some residues and excluding acetolysis step for
older samples with no cellulose. After treatment, samples were
mounted on slides and studied under x40 and x100 objective
using an Olympus CH30, camera-attached microscope.
Photomicrographs of the most important palynomorphs were
taken.
Tele:
E-mail addresses: adebayoolajide2003@yahoo.co.uk
© 2012 Elixir All rights reserved
Palynostratigraphy and paleoecology of chev-1 well, southwestern Niger delta
basin, Nigeria
Adebayo Olufemi Ojo and Olajide Femi Adebayo*
Department of Geology, Ekiti State University, P. M. B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Twenty five ditch cutting samples from southwest Niger Delta basin were analysed to
determine the palynostratigraphic studies. The samples contained very rich and diverse
palynomorphs dominated by pollen grains which consist of 12 species distributed among ten
genera. Pollen preservation is good with concentration ranging from 1,640 to 34,900
grains/g. The stratigraphic ranges of Circulina parva, Monoporites annulatus,
Psilatricolporites operculatus, Multiareolites formosus, Zonocostites ramonae, Podocarpus
milanjianus, Echitricolporites spinosus, Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, R. protrudens and
Retitricolpites bendensis and some other marker species were used to demarcate nine
palynozones in the study area. These palynomorphs are mainly made up of mangrove
swamp floras which suggest the predominance of a high sea level and wet climatic condition
in Miocene-Pliocene during the deposition of the studied sediments.
© 2012 Elixir All rights reserved.
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received: 1 December 2011;
Received in revised form:
6 February 2012;
Accepted: 17 February 2012;
Keywords
Palynomorphs,
Pollen, spores,
Echinae,
Niger Delta.
Elixir Geoscience 43 (2012) 6982-6986
Geoseience
Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal)