Chapter 2 Paleontological Investigations at the Eocene Locality of Mahenge in North- Central Tanzania, East Africa TERRY HARRISON, CHARLES P. MSUYA, ALISON M. MURRAY, BONNIE FINE JACOBS, ANA MARIA BAEZ, ROLAND MUNDIL, and KENNETH R. LUDWIG 1. Introduction ............................................. 40 2. History of Paleontological Research ............................... 40 3. Research Area and Geological Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4. Stratigraphy ............................................. 48 5. Lake Paleoecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6. Age of the Fossil Beds ....................................... 52 7. Renewed Fieldwork at Mahenge ................................. 54 8. Other Localities in the Singida Area ............................... 55 9. The Mahenge Fauna and Flora .................................. 57 9.1. Fishes .............................................. 58 9.2. Anurans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 9.3. Invertebrates .......................................... 62 9.4. Plants .............................................. 62 TERRY HARRISON • Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003. CHARLES P. MSUYA • Department of Anatomy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ALISON M. MURRAY • Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada. BONNIE FINE JACOBS • Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX 75275-0395. ANA MARIA BAEz • Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ROLAND MUNDIL and KENNETH R. LUDWIG • Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709. Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats, edited by Gregg F. Gunnell, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001. 39