Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and
Optical Property of Single Crystal ZnO Nanorods
Prabhakar Rai, Suraj Kumar Tripathy, Nam-Hee Park, Yeon-Tae Yu *
Division of Advanced Materials Engineering and Research Centre for Advanced Materials Development,
College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
* Corresponding author: Y. T. Yu (E-Mail: yeontae@chonbuk.ac.kr, Tel: +82-63-270-2288, Fax: +82-63-
270-2305)
Abstract: ZnO nanorods of 100±10 nm in diameter and 900±100 nm in length were synthesized by cetyl
trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted hydrothermal technique from a single molecular precursor.
The influence of pH on morphology and PL property of ZnO nanorods were investigated. The phase and
structural analysis were carried out by X-ray diffraction. Morphology of the nanorods was investigated by
electron microscopy techniques. Optical properties were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy.
As prepared ZnO nanorods have been single crystalline without defect and shown intense room temperature
photoluminescence peak in the ultraviolet region.
Keywords: Electron microscopy, hydrothermal, luminescence, ZnO nanorods
PACS: 68.37.Hk, 81.16.Be, 78.55.Qr, 61.46.Km
INTRODUCTION
ZnO, a wide band-gap (E
g
3.37 eV) II-VI semiconductor material possesses
interesting optical, dielectric and catalytic properties that make it suitable for various
industrial applications such as pigments [1], dye-sensitized solar cells [2], photocatalysts
[3] and sensors [4]. However, ZnO-based materials have immense prospects for high
temperature optoelectronic applications due to its high exciton-binding energy (60 meV)
and high optical gain (320 cm
-1
) at room temperature. Recently, intensive research has
been focused on fabricating one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures such as nanotubes,
nanowires (rods), and nanobelts (rings) due to their shape induced novel properties and
potential applications [5–7].The large surface area of the nanorods make them attractive
for gas and chemical sensing, and ability to control their nucleation sites makes them
candidates for micro lasers and memory arrays. Since a long time ago various physical
and chemical synthetic techniques have been investigated to explore the material quality
of ZnO of diverse morphology for fabrication of devices such as blue lasers and
ultraviolet light emitting diodes [8]. Hydrothermal synthesis has emerged as a simple
route for the processing of transition metal oxides [9]. Hydrothermal growth of ZnO
crystals with variable, yet controllable, morphologies has been reported widely [10,11].
The growth habit of ZnO is determined mainly by the internal structure of the crystal, but
is also sensitive to a number of external conditions such as pH, the zinc source (and its
counterion), the presence (or not) of any complexing agent, the nucleation conditions
(including effects due to the presence of a substrate), the extent of super-saturation, etc.
Vernadou and co-workers have investigated the pH effect on the morphology of the ZnO
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