IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.Volume 7, Issue 5 Ver. II. (May. 2014), PP 119-122 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 119 | Page Association of Serum Adiponectin with Serum Insulin and Body mass density (BMD) in postmenopausal Osteoporotic women with and without T2DM Kadhim K. Ghudhaib 1 , Kismat M. Turki 2 , Sabreen A. Mezel 3 , Gaze T. Alzedi 5 And Mohammed H. Alossami 6 1 PhD Clinical Biochemistry\ College of Sciences for women University of Baghdad. 2 PhD Clinical Biochemistry\ College of Medicine University of Baghdad . 3 MSC Biochemistry\ College of Sciences for women University of Baghdad . 4 MSC (Rheum& Med Rehab). 5 CABM,Fibms (Rheum& Med Rehab) Collage of Medicine University of Baghdad . Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of the skeleton, characterized by low bone mass and alteration in the micro-architecture of the bone tissue that lead to an increase in brittleness with the ensuing predisposition to bone fracture. Global statistics show that women are more exposed to this disease than men and in particular at menopause. Like osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is also greatly prevalent in aging populations, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus affects skeletal system and bone metabolism through multiple pathways and it has been standard as a major risk factor for osteoporosis. Objective: To evaluate the level of serum ostocalcin, adiponectin, insulin levels of osteoporotic menopausal women with and without T2DM. Subjects& Methods: Blood samples were collected from 90 postmenopausal women; 60 women were patients with osteoporosis who have been divided into 2 groups; group A included 30 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis without T2DM; group B included 30 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis and T2DM while the third group included 30 apparently healthy postmenopausal women as a control group . Serum were separated for the estimation of ostocalcin ,adiponectin and insulin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kits. Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated in term of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) Results: Body mass density (BMD) were significantly lower in osteoporotic menopausal women without T2DM than healthy group; while it is significantly higher in osteoporotic menopausal women with T2DM than the healthy group(p < 0.001) . The levels of osteocalcin and adiponectin were significantly higher in patients of group A compared with control group (P <0.01) , and group B (P <0.001). While serum insulin, fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in patients of group B comparedwith the controls and group A. There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin level and insulin in patients of group A(r = - 0.370,p = 0.044) And a positive significantly correlation between adiponectin level and BMD in patients of group B(r = 0.419,p = 0.021). I. Introduction Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural corrosion of bone tissue, resultant in an increased risk of fracture and has touched extensive amount (1). According to WHO, 30% of postmenopausal women and 70% of women aged over 80 are affected by osteoporosis (2). Mechanism of osteoporosis includes disorder of the weak balance in process of bone formation and bone reabsorption, which results in long term and uninterrupted bone loss (3). Diabetes mellitus affects skeletal system and bone metabolism through multiple pathways and it has been standard as a major risk factor for osteoporosis (4). Like osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is also greatly prevalent in aging populations, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Demographic trends with longer life expectancy and a lifestyle characterized by low physical commotion and high-energy food intake contribute to the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis (5).Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the bone mineral density is less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young adult reference population. This is translated as a T- score. The World Health Organization has established the following diagnostic guidelines (WHO, 1994) (6):  T-score -1.0 or greater is "normal"  T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 is "low bone mass" (or "osteopenia")  T-score -2.5 or below is osteoporosis