BRIS Journal of Adv. S & T (ISSN. 0971-9563) www.brisjast.com Vol.2 (4): pp.6-13 (DOI: dx.doi.org/14.9831/0971-9563.2014/2-4/BRIS.2) Identification Obstacles of Rural Women Entrepreneurship Development in Garmsar Township, Iran Farhad Lashgarara, Somayyeh Alidoust, Jamal Farajallah Hosseini Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Abstract: One of the important strategies to remove the rural women unemployment problem is pay attention to entrepreneurship. Is spite of that 13.9 percent of Iran total human capital is rural women; their potential abilities are less well thought-out so they have always faced several barriers in the way of entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study was aimed to identification entrepreneurship barriers of rural women which was done in 2011-2012. This is applied study and the methodology is correlation. The main tool of the study is questionnaire. Statistical population of the study was 115 people of rural people which were studied by census. After data extraction, SPSS version 17 was used to the statistical analysis. The study's findings concerning the development of entrepreneurship indicated that most of the respondents (41.7 percent), after starting their business, stated that their entrepreneurship development is at a high level. Findings of regression analysis showed that economic and educational obstacles have determined 19 percent of rural women entrepreneurship development. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship development, Entrepreneur, Rural women, Garmsar township 1. Introduction Among the priorities of any country’s developmental objectives, resolving the unemployment problem and achievement of job security are of special importance. Many theorists believe that one of today's strategies for resolving the unemployment problem is entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurship, followed by employment, is an important factor in Iran's economical development. Entrepreneurship development is one the main axes of economical and sustainable development. In this regard, Ahirrao and Sadavarte (2010) stated that entrepreneurship development and empowerment, as complimentary to each other, can strength the women and increase their participation in different activities of entrepreneurship. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM), entrepreneurship is any effort of individuals to make new businesses (ones with less than 100 persons) and self-employment (Zali and Razavi, 2008). Women entrepreneurship is also the activity of women in the field of participatory self-employment, independent self-employment, and businesses with exclusive ownership (Djiver, 2006). Golrad (2008) believed that an entrepreneur woman is one creating new business for herself. One way to develop the rural women entrepreneurship is to identify barriers they face and removing them. The main result of ILO (2011) in Ethiopia indicates that removing the social, cultural, legal, and political barriers in addition to support the business environments can help the gender equality in the rural societies and rural women entrepreneurship development. Since one of the important indicators for any country's development measurement is the women industry and the kind of their participation in the social activities, nowadays, providing new fields of women's more participation and more serious use of their thought, innovation and creativity powers are seem to be necessary (Hezar-Jaribi, 2007). In the other hand, the necessity of paying attention to the issue of women entrepreneurship is to identify the barriers they face, leading to increase the self-employment, increase the economical independence, find a better social situation and change their position (from being job- seekers to workers and taskmasters) in the society (Ahirrao & Sadavarte,2010). Lashgarara, Azizan and Mehdizadeh (2011a) in their study factors affecting the effectiveness of entrepreneurial courses for the agriculture sciences graduates (case study of Ilam province, Iran), indicated that the most important factors affecting the effectiveness of entrepreneurial courses are the policy-making and educational factors. Lashgarara, Roshani and Omidi Najafabadi (2011b) in a study entitled factors affecting the rural women's skills of entrepreneurship (Ilam city), concluded that the variable of individual skills is the most important variable affecting the entrepreneurial skills. Farajolah Hosseini, Mirdamadi and Haji Hosseini