LORI L. JERVIS
Department of Psychiatry
Division of American Indian and Alaska Native Programs
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
The Pollution of Incontinence and the Dirty
Work of Caregiving in a U.S. Nursing Home
In U.S. nursing homes, it is the job of nursing assistants to tend to resi-
dents ' basic bodily needs, including elimination and incontinence care.
Given theirfrequent contact with pollutants, aides are very much at risk of
becoming "pollutedpeople." In this article, I investigate how nursing as-
sistants' continual contact with contaminating substances impacts their
status within the workplace, their relationships with others, and their atti-
tudes toward their work and themselves as workers. I also explore how
aides manage their encounters with pollutants and their stigmatized role
as "dirty workers." In doing so, I hope to explicate the meaning of elimi-
nation and of incontinence caregiving in the United States, [nursing
homes, caregiving, symbolic pollution, incontinence, American culture]
N
ursing assistant work is, in many ways, prototypical "dirty work." As pri-
mary caregivers to the sick, the "crazy," and the dead in nursing homes,
nursing assistants are constantly threatened with becoming symbolically
polluted.
1
But of all the stigmata with which aides must contend, incontinence care
poses one of the most serious threats to caregivers' sense of self and status on the
job. This article investigates how nursing assistants' frequent contact with con-
taminating substances impacts their position within the workplace, their relation-
ships with others, and their self-conceptions. Since being enmeshed in the realm of
the culturally taboo has its difficulties, I also explore how aides experience and
manage their encounters with pollution. In doing so, I hope to demonstrate the sali-
ence of symbolic pollution in a setting where such notions are seldom articulated
but nevertheless play a major role in the structure of inequality.
Method and Setting
This article is based upon 21 months of ethnographic field work from 1993 to
1995 in an inner-city nursing home that I call Manchester Estates. Along with exten-
sive participant-observation within the facility, I conducted audiotaped, semistruc-
tured interviews with 14 residents and 16 staff members. I also reviewed residents'
Medical Anthropology Quarterfy 15(l):84-99. Copyright© 2001, American Anthropological Association.
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