© 2013 Research Academy of Social Sciences
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International Journal of Empirical Finance
Vol. 1, No. 3, 2013, 43-51
The Stock Market Volatility Loading with Macroeconomic Variables:
KSE 100 Index as Evidence in Pakistan
Waqar Ahmad
1
, Mohammad Raza
2
Abstract
A quite significant relationship is found between macroeconomic variables and stock prices. The prediction
of stock prices has always been a curious object among the investors. The stock exchange plays a vital role to
investigate the economic growth of any country. It is an approach to utilize unproductive funds into
meaningful ways. An enriched study exists in the world to explore the relationships of economic variables
and stock prices. When we take the equity market of Pakistan into consideration, only a little work is found
done on the query of the existence of the casual relationship among the macroeconomic variables and stock
prices. This scarcity of available literature and data makes the future predictions about equity prices
inconsistent in the perspective of Pakistan. The current study is pregnant with its ultimate object to discover
the correlation and impacts existing between macroeconomic variables and stock market (KSE 100). The
macroeconomic variables like, bank rate, foreign exchange reserves, wholesale price index (WPI), industrial
production index (IPI), broad money M3 and real effective exchange rate are used as independent variables
while closing prices of Karachi stock exchange (KSE 100) are used as a dependent variable. The data for the
stated purpose is taken from the period spanning over twelve years (2000 to 2012) on the monthly basis. The
statistical tests like descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root augmented Dickey fuller test, Johansen’s co-
integration test and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression are used. The study findings indicate that the
bank rate and foreign exchange reserves have co-integration while WPI, IPI, M3 and real exchange rate have
no co-integration to each other. The findings also indicate that there exists a negative correlation while there
are found no impacts of macroeconomic variables on the stock market (KSE 100) in case of Pakistan. Thus
present study concludes with the results that the future stock prices are not predictable in the context of
Pakistan.
Key words: Macroeconomic variables, causality and correlation, KSE 100, Pakistan.
1. Introduction
The instability due to speculation leads the people to instability in characteristics because positive
activities depend on automatic optimism. The majority of decisions are to be made somewhat positive; it is
the result of “animal spirit” (Keynes, 1936). The given statement is an indicator of people’s attitude towards
investment especially towards the capital market. The investors make investment in view of the prevailing
economic, socio-political environment of a country. No hard and fast rules and regulations are found to
identify the exact and complete information about the market. In the given outlook of Pakistan, the Animal
Spirit is very dominant because very little of total population makes investments in the market and the other
factor is the non-availability of exact and complete information regarding common masses. The decisions of
the people are found more likely to be impulsive rather than reasonable.
The current study observes the causality and correlation of the macroeconomic variables and stock
prices. The variables under investigation are bank rate, forex (foreign exchange) reserves, whole sale price
index (WPI), industrial production (IPI) index, money supply broad money (M3) growth rate and real
effective exchange rate (REXR). The data is taken on monthly basis from the period of (2000 - 2012). (Fama,
1
UCP Business School, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
2
Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Pakistan.