EdExEd Working Paper Series Working Paper No. 3 Thinking beyond massive, open and online programmed instruction Chris Bigum 9 th of June 2014 version On‐Line Paper & Copyright This draft paper may be cited or quoted in line with the usual academic conventions. You may also download it for your own personal use. The paper may not be published anywhere without the authors’ permission. You should be aware that this version of the paper was the version that was submitted for publication or the version given at a conference. The final, published version may differ considerably. If you copy this paper you must: • include this copyright note • not use the paper for commercial purposes or gain in any way