Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Applications, 47(3), (104-116) 2014 104 Integral Radionuclide Activation Yield and Evaluated Cross Section Data for Proton Induced Reactions with Cd for Practical Applications A. Elbinawi a , M. Al-abyad* a , A. Sayed a , M.I. El-Zaiki b ,U. Seddik a , K.E. Abd- Elmageed b a Physics Department, Cyclotron Facility, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt b Department of Physics –Faculty of science- Benha university- Egypt Received: 9/1/2014 Accepted: 17/4/2014 ABSTRACT The integral yield and the cross-sections of proton induced reactions on nat Cd target were studied. The formation cross-sections of the radioisotopes 109g,110m,g,111g,113m,114m,115m,116m In was estimated in relevance to the production of the medically important radioisotope 114m In. The excitation functions data were compared with the theoretical model calculations using the codes EMPIRE-3.1, TALYS-1.4 and TENDL-2012 activation data library. Key Words: Excitation Function/ Stacked-Foil Technique/ Natural Targets/ HpGe- Detector/ Nuclear Model Calculations/Integral-Yield. INTRODUCTION Nuclear reactions have various practical applications in science and technology. Cyclotron, accelerators and nuclear reactors are commonly employed to produce the radionuclides of interest. The physical basis of a radionuclide production is optimized using nuclear cross-sections data. Therefore, among the various types of nuclear data, the cross-sections have great significance in the production and the quality control of the desired radionuclides. Proton-induced reaction cross-sections on natural cadmium target are important for various practical applications such as medical radionuclide production, Thin Layer Activation (TLA) analysis, dosimetry application, nuclear technology, radioactive waste handling and so on (1) . Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, toxic and bluish-white bivalent metal. It is largely used in batteries and pigments, for example in plastic products. It is an ideal target material for the production of medically important radionuclides (for example, 109,110,111,114m In) (2–5) . The radionuclide 111 In is widely used in diagnostic nuclear medicine due to its suitable half-life (T1/2 = 2.8 d), abundance of ȕ-emission (EC 100%) and high-intense low-energy Ȗ-ray emission. It is also used for labeling cellular blood components and monoclonal antibody, myocardial damage detection, localization of an abscess in polyeystic kidney, radiolabeled immunoglobulin therapy and cancer imaging (6,7) . In addition, a number of clinical investigations are in progress in which antibodies and peptides labeled with 111 In are the subject of therapeutic and diagnostic evaluations (8) . Moreover, the radionuclide 111 In plays a greater role in time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) studies (9) . The short-lived radionuclides 110m In (T1/2 = 69.1 min), 109 In (T1/2 = 4.2 h) and 108m,g In (T1/2 = 39.6 min and T1/2 = 58.0 min) have a potential interest in positron emission tomography (PET) studies (10,11) . It is interesting to note that, 114m In and its daughter radionuclide 114 In are usually regarded as undesirable long-lived impurities in 111 In-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic use. However, there is an increasing interest in the study of 114m In to determine the long-term stability and bio kinetics of indium-labeled pharmaceuticals as well as for radionuclide therapy at a low-energy (8, 12) .